Marine
cyanobacteria are renowned for producing bioactive secondary
metabolites with great structural diversity via mixed biosynthetic
pathways. Lyngbya sp., a marine cyanobacterium,
produces many metabolites with anti-inflammatory potentials; nevertheless,
its bioactive metabolites exercising providing protection against
inflammation has been deciphered inadequate. In this study, the ethanolic
fraction of the Lyngbya sp. extract
was purified and identified as sodium 10-amino-2-methoxyundecanoate
(SAM) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,
nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spray ionization-mass spectroscopy. SAM showed prominent inhibition of inflammation, which was
analyzed by reactive oxygen species generation and nitric oxide (NO)
inhibition assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potentials of SAM were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW
264.7 macrophage cell lines by fluorescence-activated cell sorting
analysis, which evidenced prominent decrease in COX-2 expression (∼90%)
with SAM-treated cells than the control. Subsequently,
a semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis also
revealed the downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 gene expression in SAM-treated LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To further enhance the delivery
of SAM into the cells, it was combined with N-doped graphene
quantum dots (N-GQDs) for the anti-inflammatory potentials. It resulted
in improved downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 than cells treated with SAM alone. Conclusively, N-GQDs combined with SAM have
the effective therapeutic potential as an inhibitor of inflammation
by modulating the expression of different cytokine genes.