Spectroscopic Admittivity Imaging of Biological Tissues: Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract. In this paper, we present a simplified electrical model for tissue culture. We derive a mathematical structure for overall electrical properties of the culture and study their dependence on the frequency of the current. We introduce a method for recovering the microscopic properties of the cell culture from the spectral measurements of the effective conductivity. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of our approach.

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“…Organization of the cells in the cartilage tissue. [11,17,18], we describe the conductivity of the medium by a scalar field…”

Section: Problem Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic conductivity imaging of a cell culture

Ammari

Giovangigli

Kwon

et al. 2016

ASY

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“…Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (Almuhammadi, Bera, & Lubineau, ; Barsoukov & Macdonald, ; Bera & Nagaraju, ; Bera, Nagaraju, & Lubineau, ; Bera et al, ; Macdonald, ; Orazem & Tribollet, ; Zhang, Bera, Woo, & Seo, ) is a noninvasive, fast, and low‐cost technique of material characterization technique which can be efficient used to characterize the materials on the basis of its impedance. Due to its significant capability of electrical impedance based material characterization, EIS has been applied in biomedical engineering (Bera, ; Bera & Nagaraju, ; Bera, Nagaraju, & Lubineau, ; Bera et al, ; Birgersson, Birgersson, & Ollmar, ; Chakraborty et al, ; Keshtkar, ; Röthlingshöfer, Ulbrich, Hahne, & Leonhardt, ; Ruiz, Zamora, & Felice, ; Sammer et al, ), material engineering (Grassini, Corbellini, Parvis, Angelini, & Zucchi, in press; Grossi, Lanzoni, Lazzarini, & Riccò, ; Greuter & Blatter, ; YanLong, Bera, Lubineau, & Yang ; ; He & Mansfeld, ; Morrison, Sinclair, & West, ; Pulido et al, ), chemical engineering (Adachi, Sakamoto, Jiu, Ogata, & Isoda, ; Echabaane, Rouis, Bonnamour, & Ouada, ; Kern, Sastrawan, Ferber, Stangl, & Luther, ; Longo, Nogueira, De Paoli, & Cachet, ; Lee, Hwang, Mashek, J. J., & Mason, ; Song, Jung, Lee, & Dao, ; Wang, Moser, & Grätzel, ), civil engineering (Christensen et al, ; Ribeiro et al, ), and other fields of applied sciences and engineering (Almuhammadi et al, ; Bera et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…biomedical engineering (Bera, 2014;Bera & Nagaraju, 2011b;Bera, Nagaraju, & Lubineau, 2016b;Bera et al, 2013;Birgersson, Birgersson, & Ollmar, 2012;Chakraborty et al, 2015;Keshtkar, 2007;R€ othlingsh€ ofer, Ulbrich, Hahne, & Leonhardt, 2011;Ruiz, Zamora, & Felice, 2014;Sammer et al, 2014), material engineering (Grassini, Corbellini, Parvis, Angelini, & Zucchi, in press;Grossi, Lanzoni, Lazzarini, & Ricc o, 2012;Greuter & Blatter, 1990;YanLong, Bera, Lubineau, & Yang 2017a;He & Mansfeld, 2009;Morrison, Sinclair, & West, 2001;Pulido et al, 2017), chemical engineering (Adachi, Sakamoto, Jiu, Ogata, & Isoda, 2006;Echabaane, Rouis, Bonnamour, & Ouada, 2013;Kern, Sastrawan, Ferber, Stangl, & Luther, 2002;Longo, Nogueira, De Paoli, & Cachet, 2002;Lee, Hwang, Mashek, J. J., & Mason, 1995;Song, Jung, Lee, & Dao, 1999;Wang, Moser, & Grätzel, 2005), civil engineering (Christensen et al, 1994;Ribeiro et al, 2011), and other fields of applied sciences and engineering (Almuhammadi et al, 2017;Bera et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EIS is found as a widely used method suitable for investigating biological tissues non-invasively (Arpaia, Clemente, & Romanucci, 2008;Bera, 2014;Bera & Nagaraju, 2011b;Bera & Nagaraju, 2013;Bera et al, 2016aBera et al, , 2016bBirgersson et al, 2012;Clemente, Arpaia, & Manna, 2013;Clemente, Romano, Bifulco, & Cesarelli, 2014;Keshtkar, 2007;R€ othlingsh€ ofer et al, 2011;Ruiz et al, 2014;Sammer et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design and development of microcontroller based instrumentation for studying complex bioelectrical impedance of fruits using electrical impedance spectroscopy

Chowdhury

Datta

Bera³

et al. 2017

J Food Process Engineering

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Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrical impedance technique to characterize the fruits and vegetables in terms of their frequency dependent bioimpedance profile. Standalone, portable, and low‐cost instrumentation is always preferred for conducting EIS procedures. This article reports the studies on the design and development of a Microcontroller based portable impedance measurement system to conduct the EIS studies on the fruits during ripening and storage. The proposed laboratory based EIS system is developed with a Microcontroller ATmega16, a Direct Digital Synthesizers based constant current source AD5930, a current to voltage converter, a low pass filter, and a DSO. To test and evaluate the developed system, the cucumber impedance is studied under the storage condition using EIS to characterize the cucumber freshness from the electrical impedance data. The real parts, imaginary parts of the cucumber impedance are calculated and the Nyquist diagrams are analyzed to study the equivalent circuit analysis. The developed system is compared with a standard impedance analyzer and it is observed that the results obtained from the developed system closely match with the data measured by the commercial impedance analyzer. The developed system is also found suitable for EIS studies of fruits, vegetables, and other biological tissues. The developed system is found low‐cost, fast, and user friendly. PCB based version of the proposed system with display unit will be found as a portable, standalone, and EIS system suitable for outdoor measurement in agricultural‐field applications. Practical applications Microcontroller based low cost electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been developed and is studied for EIS based fruit ripening analysis. The system is compared with the standard commercial impedance analyzer and it is found suitable fruit ripening characterization, vegetable freshness detection, and health studies of other biological tissues. The microcontroller based EIS system is found portable, low cost, fast, and user friendly device which can be used in laboratory, cultivation fields, cold storages and shops and markets. The developed system allows nontechnical person to operated and collect the data from fruit and vegetable samples. The system acquired data significantly correlate the bioimpedance variation with the ripening states which can be potentially utilized to study the fruit ripening noninvasively at low cost. Hence the product‐form of the developed devise could even be operated by field persons, farmers, and other common men to evaluate the fruit ripening and vegetable freshness.

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“…; Zhang et al . ) which depends on tissue properties (Chumlea and Guo ; Halder et al . ; Vozáry et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Chowdhury

Bera²,

Ghoshal

et al. 2016

J Food Process Engineering

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Fruit ripening is a very crucial event in food engineering as the fruits are very important and essential food materials for human health. Under-ripening and overripening both are not desirable to have all the essential and important nutrients in the fruits which are only available at their optimum-ripening state. Hence, studying the ripening process of fruits is very much essential which will not only help the people to have the best fruit quality but also will help the researcher and scientist to analyze the food quality. Chemical and biochemical analyses conducted to analyze the fruit ripening are time-consuming and destructive in nature; hence, these methods, generally, are not found suitable for routine, fast and repetitive inspections. A fast and nondestructive fruit ripening characterization method is found essential to study the ripening state and fruit nutrients levels. In this direction, the EIS studies have been conducted as a nondestructive evaluation method to study the electrical impedance variations during banana ripening. The electrical impedance of banana samples is measured by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at different states of ripening and the ripening states are correlated with their corresponding impedances. All the impedance parameters, Z, phase angle, real part of Z and imaginary part of Z are studied to analyze the ripening phenomena in terms of banana impedance. The results demonstrate that the complex impedance, real part and imaginary part of the impedance all increase with the progresses in the ripening process. Equivalent circuit modeling shows that the ripened banana contains constant phase elements. Statistical analysis conducted on the samples from a same bunch also shows that the electrical impedance spectroscopy technique can be applied for noninvasive characterization of banana ripening. Practical ApplicationsEIS conducted on banana ripening characterizes the banana ripening process in terms of its impedance variation and develops the equivalent circuit. EIS studies establish the correlation between the bioimpedance variation and ripening states which can be potentially utilized to study the banana ripening noninvasively. Statistical analysis shows that the standard deviation of all the impedance parameters of different banana samples obtained from a same bunch is very low compared to the corresponding mean values. It is observed that the EIS study conducted on one banana sample can represent the ripening state of the other bananas and hence the EIS studies conducted on limited number of samples can be utilized to characterize the ripening of the entire banana stacks. Thus EIS studies on banana ripening not only help us to find the optimum ripening state but also it will help the researchers to analyze its physiological changes, taste, and nutrient levels.

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Spectroscopic Admittivity Imaging of Biological Tissues: Challenges and Future Directions

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

Spectroscopic conductivity imaging of a cell culture

Spectroscopic conductivity imaging of a cell culture

Design and development of microcontroller based instrumentation for studying complex bioelectrical impedance of fruits using electrical impedance spectroscopy

Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

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