Spectroradiometric determination of the freezing temperature of gold

Mielenz, Klaus D.

doi:10.6028/jres.095.006

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We have added a small contribution caused by the un- certainty in the effective wavelength. NIST usually also includes the uncertainty in the absolute value of the gold point temperature (see Mielenz, Saunders, and Shumaker [11] for details). But as the assigned ITS-90 value has been used in both laboratories this uncertainty has not been included.…”

Section: The Results Of the Intercomparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of the ITS-90 radiance temperature scales of the National Physical Laboratory (U.K.) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Machin¹,

Johnson²,

Gibson³

et al. 1994

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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An intercomparison of radiance temperature scales lias been performed by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using a standard transfer pyrometer operating at a wavelength of approximately 1000 nm. It was found that the radiance temperature scales established by the two laboratories were in agreement to 0.1% or better of the temperature over the range 1000 °C to 2500 °C.

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Section: The Results Of the Intercomparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of the ITS-90 radiance temperature scales of the National Physical Laboratory (U.K.) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Machin¹,

Johnson²,

Gibson³

et al. 1994

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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“…One of each type was sacrificed for the reflectance studies. Further details of these fixed-point BBs can be found in [11][12][13]. Larger cavities and larger apertures are used for the near-ambient temperature range water bath and Ga fixed-point BBs [13].…”

Section: Blackbody Cavity Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Blackbody Cavity Emissivity in the Infrared Using Total Integrated Scatter Measurements

et al. 2007

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Deviations from ideal blackbody (BB) behavior can be characterized by a BB's effective emissivity. The cavity emissivity is most often obtained through a model, given a particular set of input parameters associated with the BB cavity geometry and surface optical properties. It can also be measured directly (radiance) or indirectly (reflectance). A study of BB cavity emissivity using the reflectance method is presented. Several types and designs of blackbody cavities, including those from fixedpoint and water bath BBs, using our infrared total integrated scatter (ITIS) instrument for emissivity evaluation are examined. The emissivity is characterized as a function of position on the output aperture, as well as a function of output angle. The measurements have revealed emissivity values, both significantly greater than, and in confirmation of, modeling predictions. For instance, the emissivities of three fixed point BB cavity designs were found to vary significantly despite modeling predictions in the design process of similar behavior. Also, other BB cavities that exhibited poor emissivity performance were re-painted and re-machined, in one case more than once, before the predicted performance was achieved.

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“…The emissivity of the gold freezing-temperature blackbody is estimated to be 0.9999, leading to a 0.01 % offset (8 mK) in the measured radiances at 650 nm [12]. If the uncertainties from the SIRCUS radiance responsivity calibrations are the dominant sources of the total uncertainty, then the freezing temperature of gold can be determined to an uncertainty of 40 mK (k=2), assuming a 0.05 % uncertainty in the radiance responsivity.…”

Section: Radiometric Temperature Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Characterization of an Absolute Pyrometer Calibrated for Radiance Responsivity

Allen¹,

Saunders²,

Johnson³

et al. 2003

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Development of a fast fiber-optic two-color pyrometer for the temperature measurement of surfaces with varying emissivities Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3366 (2001); Abstract. For temperatures above the freezing temperature of silver, the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is defined in terms of spectral radiance ratios to one of the silver, gold or copper freezing-temperature blackbodies using the Planck radiance law. However, due to the use of spectral radiance ratios, the uncertainties in the realization of thermodynamic temperatures using ITS-90 increase as the square of the temperature ratios. Such increases in the temperature uncertainties can be reduced by using absolute radiometry with pyrometers traceable to cryogenic radiometers, and the resulting temperature uncertainties can be smaller than those measured using the ratio pyrometry as prescribed in ITS-90. We describe the development and the characterization of an absolute pyrometer (AP1) constructed at NIST and calibrated for absolute radiance responsivity. The calibrations are performed with the pyrometer as a single unit; thus separate measurements of the lens transmittance and the spectral responsivities of the filters and detector are not required. The temperature measurement capabilities of the AP1 are shown using the melt and freeze cycle of the gold-point blackbody.

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Spectroradiometric determination of the freezing temperature of gold

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Intercomparison of the ITS-90 radiance temperature scales of the National Physical Laboratory (U.K.) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Intercomparison of the ITS-90 radiance temperature scales of the National Physical Laboratory (U.K.) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Evaluation of Blackbody Cavity Emissivity in the Infrared Using Total Integrated Scatter Measurements

The Development and Characterization of an Absolute Pyrometer Calibrated for Radiance Responsivity

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