Spectrophotometric study of a direct determination of serum calcium

Clark, Walter L.; Baginski, Eugene S.; Marie, S.S.; Zak, Bennie

doi:10.1016/0026-265x(75)90108-3

Cited by 12 publications

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“…if the convcntional subtraction is used for a constant and highly coloured reagent blank from a reaction in which a variable amount of the active ingredient of the reagent is to become a part of the equilibrium reaction, then true absorbance is not achieved for the product of interest (2,3). The calibration slope used then to measure product may be considerably lower than the theoretical true slope.…”

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The Variable Reagent Blank: Protein Determination as a Model

Bozimowski

Artiss²,

Zak

1985

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Three total protein assays were analyzed to determine the extent of deviation encountered when a constant measured reagent blank is compared to a continuously decreasing true reagent blank. This blank effect owes its regressive nature to the consumption of the active reagent ingredient by the protein reactive species, variably and sometimes, with certain reactants, nonlinearly in the presence of increasing protein concentrations. However, the blank effect of interest here is apparent only when the reagent and the reagentprotein complex present overlapping spectra and therefore absorb at the wavelength of measurement. Thus it was found that while the biuret and the Coomassie brilliant blue assays produced pronounced differences in the variable true reagent blanks, the Folin-Ciocalteau reaction did not develop a deviation from the true blank since the reagent blank does not absorb to any extent at the assay wavelength. In this manner, the latter procedure could serve äs a marker against which the former two blank reactions can be shown to display relatively excessive deviations. Der unterschiedliche Reagenzienleerwert: Proteinbestimmimg als ModellZusammenfassung: Drei Methoden zur Bestimmung von Gesamtprotein wurden untersucht, um das Ausmaß der Abweichung zu bestimmen, das auftritt, wenn ein gemessener konstanter Reagenzienleerwert mit einem kontinuierlich abfallenden wahren Reagenzienleerwert verglichen wird. Dieser von der Analytkonzentration abhängige Leerwerteffekt beruht auf dem Verbrauch von reaktiven Bestandteilen des Reagenz durch die reaktive Proteinspezies. Er ist in Gegenwart steigender Proteinkonzentrationen variabel und mit bestimmten Reaktionspartnern manchmal nicht-linear. Der hier interessierende Leerwerteffekt ist jedoch nur zu beobachten, wenn Reagenz und Reagenz-Protein-Komplex sich überlappende Absorptionsspektren aufweisen und deshalb beide bei der Meßwellenlänge absorbieren. So wurde gefunden, daß zwar das Biuret-als auch das Coomassie-Brilliant-Blau-Verfahren ausgeprägte Differenzen in den variablen wahren Reagenzienleerwerten verursachten, die Folin-Ciocalteau-Reakuon aber keine Abweichung vom wahren Leerwert aufwies, da hier der Reagenzienleerwert bei der Meßwellenlänge nicht absorbiert. Auf diese Weise kann das Folin-Ciocalteau-Verfahren als Prüfmethode dienen, die relativ erheblichen Abweichungen der Leerwertreaktion der beiden anderen Methoden aufzuzeigen. on of the reagent blank can be a minor consideration In some analytical procedures, the eontribution of (1). However, if the active constituent of the reagent the reagent blank is of a constant nature, Except for blank has a spectrum overlapping that of the circumstances such äs those involving inorganic ion equilibrium reaction product generated and is a conmeasurement in which the analyte of interest may be sumable in creating the latter, the true reagent blank a contaminant pf the water of the blank, subtraction is actually regressive in the final measurement. Thus,

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“…Free Cu based on l mg Cu binds 10.3 mg human serum albumin 2. As the protein copcentration increases the deviation of the measured blank from the true blank increases proportionately.…”

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The Variable Reagent Blank: Protein Determination as a Model

Bozimowski

Artiss²,

Zak

1985

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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“…According to the later parameter, the rise in lipase activity may be due to adyslipidemia. However, the decrease in serum total protein of Ag-treated rats might be due to changes in proteins synthesis and/or metabolism (36) and for the hypocalcaemia may be due to mal absorption or hypoparathyroidism (37). Corresponding to these findings, we could not discuss about hepatic damage without alterations in transaminase activity and direct bilirubin level, some studies have proven the toxic effects of silver on different organs including intestine, bone, thyroid and heart (38,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters and Brain Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats Exposed Chronically to Silver Nitrate and the Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium

Gueroui

Kechrid

2016

ToxicolRes

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Due to undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to silver on certain biochemical and some oxidative stress parameters with histopathological examination of brain, as well as the possible protective role of selenium and/or vitamin E as nutritional supplements. Thirty six male rats were divided into six groups of six each: the first group used as a control group. Group II given both vitamin E (400 mg/kg) of diet and selenium (Se) (1 mg/L) in their drinking water. Group III given silver as silver nitrate (AgNO3) (20 mg/L). Group IV given vitamin E and AgNO3. Group V given both AgNO3 and selenium. Group VI given AgNO3, vitamin E and Se. The animals were in the same exposure conditions for 3 months. According to the results which have been obtained; there was an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase activities and cholesterol level, a decrease in serum total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Ag-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the findings showed that Ag+ ions affected antioxidant defense system by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increasing vitamin E concentration with a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue. The histological examination also exhibited some nervous tissue alterations including hemorrhage and cytoplasm vacuolization. However, the co-administration of selenium and/or vitamin E ameliorated the biochemical parameters and restored the histological alterations. In conclusion, this study indicated that silver could cause harmful effects in animal body and these effects can be more toxic in high concentrations or prolonged time exposure to this metal. However, selenium and vitamin E act as powerful antioxidants which may exercise adverse effect against the toxicity of this metal.

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“…Oxalic acid estimation was performed using the titrimatric method [14]. Estimation of calcium was done by the spectrophotometric method [15]. Inorganic phosphorous was determined by phosphomolybdate method of Fiske & Subbarow [16] modified by King [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of kidney stones obtained from a cohort of Sri Lankan patients

Hareendra

Hunais²,

Suvendiran

et al. 2015

Sri Lanka j Surg

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Evaluating the composition of kidney stones is important for the treatment and prevention of nephrolithiasis. Objectives The aims of our study were to determine the composition of the renal stones in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients and to compare the composition of staghorn calculi with non-staghorn calculi. Methods Kidney stones removed from adult patientswere analysed using chemical methods. Patients residing in different climate zones of Sri Lanka were analysed separately and comparisons made. Results A total of 50 renal stones from adults (male:female = 2.6:1) were included in the study. There were 21 staghorn calculi. The male to female ratio among patients with staghorn calculi was 3.2:1. There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of staghorn calculi and non-staghorn calculi among males (p=0.17) and among females (p=0.06). Oxalate stones constituted 86% of renal stones. Ten percent were mixed stones. Phosphate and struvite calculi contributed 2% each. Even among staghorn calculi, 76% were oxalate stones. There was no statistically significant difference between contents of staghorn and non-staghorn calculi. The composition of stones in three climatic zones of Sri Lanka was similar except for phosphorus. Conclusions The majority of renal stones (86%) in Sri Lanka are calcium oxalate stones.Contrary to the traditional view based on studies done in the western world, only 5% of staghorn calculi removed from patients in Sri Lanka are struvite or infection stones. Chemical composition of kidney stones obtained from a cohort of Sri Lankan patients

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Spectrophotometric study of a direct determination of serum calcium

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

The Variable Reagent Blank: Protein Determination as a Model

The Variable Reagent Blank: Protein Determination as a Model

Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters and Brain Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats Exposed Chronically to Silver Nitrate and the Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium

Chemical composition of kidney stones obtained from a cohort of Sri Lankan patients

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