Spectrophotometric determination of some analgesic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations using N-bromosuccinimide as an oxidant

Abstract

New sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric methods for the determination of four analgesic drugs namely, nalbuphine (NALB), naltrexone (NALT), morphine (MORF) and tramadol (TRAM) in pharmaceutical formulations were developed and optimized. The proposed methods involve the addition of a measured excess of N-bromosuccinimide in acid medium followed by determination of unreacted NBS by reacting with either a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 508 nm (Method A), or orange G and measuring the absorbance at 478 nm (Method B). In both methods, the amount of NBS reacted corresponds to the amount of drugs. Under the optimum conditions, Beer's law limit, molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were calculated. The limits of detection and quantification were also reported for both methods. Statistical evaluation of the methods was examined by determining intra-day and inter-day precisions. The methods were successfully applied to the assay of drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common additives and the validity of the methods was tested.

Analytical Method Development by Solid Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Diphenhydramine Quantification in Syrups

“…Methods that use reactions between different dyes and diphenhydramine are based on the formation of a complex between anionic dyes and positively charged basic groups in acid medium, which results in a coloured complex with strong absorption in the visible range of electromagnetic spectrum [8][9][10][11]. Although they present appropriate parameters of validation, they also exhibit some limitations in formulations where active ingredients are mixed with diphenhydramine-like basic groups.…”

“…Some methods for diphenhydramine analysis propose the extraction of a coloured complex formed between the analyte and some dye, such as eriochrome black T, bromocresol purple, methyl orange, bromocresol green and rose bengal, using organic solvents. These methods provide an improved capacity of detection and drug selectivity, but their extraction requires the use of an organic solvent of the formed complex [8][9][10][11].…”

Determination of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Diperiodatoargentate(III)-Rhodamine-B Chemiluminescence System by Flow Injection Analysis

“…Hence, its bioavailability of oral administered is lower compared with intravascular and intravenous. 2,3 A number of instrumental and analytical techniques are available for measuring NAL concentration in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations including spectrophotometry, [4][5][6][7][8] spectrofluorimetry, [8][9][10][11] potentiometry, 12 voltammetry, [13][14][15][16] capillary zone electrophoresis, 17 gas chromatography (GC) 1,18 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [19][20][21][22][23] The HPLC and GC techniques possess high selectivity and sensitivity, but are usually time-consuming, require pure and sometimes toxic solvents, expensive instrumentation and are not commonly used and found in laboratories.…”

Simultaneous Quantitative Resolution and Validation of Binary Mixture in a Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Using a Spectrophotometric Signal Processing Technique

“…As described above, the analytical methods e.g. spectrophotometry [4], mass spectrometry [5], chromatography [6], electrophoresis [7], electrochemistry [8] and their combined devices have been used for analytical aims. For example, the separation techniques, LC and CE combined with various spectroscopic systems (hyphenated techniques namely LC-MS and CE-MS) have been applied to provide additional chemical information and to decrease the complexity of multicomponent mixtures in material analyses.…”