Spectrophotometric Determination of Sodium 2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl Penicillin Monohydrate (Methicillin)

Weaver, William J.; Reschke, R. F.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600520411

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[16][17][18] The loading efficiency of all the particles was calculated to be 80%-87% for the Tat-functionalized and nonfunctionalized liposomes loaded with vancomycin, 65%-72% with methicillin, and 71%-74% with ampicillin.…”

Section: Preparation Of Liposomes Loaded With Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tat-functionalized liposomes for the treatment of meningitis: an in vitro study

Garcia¹,

Shi²,

Webster³

2017

IJN

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Bacterial meningitis has become a global concern, because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It has been demonstrated that liposomes can enter bacteria, thus providing a possible treatment for numerous infections, including meningitis. Fusogenic liposomes are pH-sensitive with a high capacity to fuse with the bacteria membrane and promote intracellular drug release. Moreover, this ability can be improved by using cell-penetrating peptides (such as Tat47–57, which is a peptide derived from the Tat protein of HIV). The purpose of this in vitro study was to demonstrate for the first time the ability of the presently prepared fusogenic liposomes, which were spherical particles with a diameter of 100 nm loaded with antibiotics and functionalized with-cell penetrating peptides (Tat 47–57 ), to fight the main bacteria that cause meningitis. For this, vancomycin, methicillin, and ampicillin antibiotics were loaded inside fusogenic liposomes to fight Streptococcus pneumoniae , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . Antibacterial activity of Tat-functionalized and nonfunctionalized liposomes loaded with antibiotics was tested by determining bacteria colony-forming units and growth-curve assays coupled with live/dead assays using fluorescence microscopy. Results showed a remarkable decrease in antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration when all of the bacteria were treated with these novel liposomes, especially for the functionalized liposomes loaded with methicillin. With antibiotic concentrations of 1.7–3 µg/mL for Tat-functionalized liposomes loaded with methicillin, the bacteria population was totally eradicated. Cytotoxicity tests with astrocytes and endothelial cells, major cellular components of the blood–brain barrier, were also performed for all of the liposomes, including free antibiotic and the Tat peptide. Results showed much promise for the further study of the presently formulated liposomes to treat meningitis.

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Section: Preparation Of Liposomes Loaded With Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tat-functionalized liposomes for the treatment of meningitis: an in vitro study

Garcia¹,

Shi²,

Webster³

2017

IJN

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“…A facile and precise procedure proposed by Weaver et al for the spectrophotometric determination of methicillin was adapted for the quantification of drug loaded into the PsNPs . This method is based on the identification of penicillin salts F, G, K, and X after degradation in a copper‐containing acidic buffer at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Binary Effect on Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Polymeric Nanovesicles Appended by Proline‐Rich Amino Acid Sequences and Inorganic Nanoparticles

Bassous

Webster

2019

Small

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10. 1002/smll.201804247. Prevalent research underscores efforts to engineer highly sophisticated nanovesicles that are functionalized to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and that aid with wound healing or immunomodulation. This is especially relevant for patients who are susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infections postoperatively. Here, antibacterial formulations are incorporated into polymeric, biocompatible vesicles called polymersomes (PsNPs) that self-assemble via hydrophobic interactions of admixed aqueous and organic substances. Nano-PsNPs are synthesized using a high molecular weight amphiphilic block copolymer, and are conjugated to include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) along the peripheral hydrophilic region and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside their hydrophobic corona. In vitro testing on bacterial and human cell lines indicates that finely tuned treatment concentrations of AMP and AgNPs in PsNPs synergistically inhibits the growth of MRSA without posing significant side effects, as compared with other potent treatment strategies. A ratio of silver-to-AMP of about 1:5.8 corresponding to ≈11.6 µg mL −1 of silver nanoparticles and 14.3 × 10 −6 m of the peptide, yields complete MRSA inhibition over a 23 h time frame. This bacteriostatic activity, coupled with nominal cytotoxicity toward native human dermal fibroblast cells, extends the potential for AMP/AgNP polymersome therapies to replace antibiotics in the clinical setting. Antimicrobial Resistance

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