Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium with 1,10-Phenanthroline

Banks, Charles V.; O'Laughlin, Jerome W.

doi:10.1021/ac60130a004

Cited by 70 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The weight content of ruthenium in the samples was determined with the help of spectrophotometry method on the instrument “Agilent UV/Vis. 8453” . Ru‐containing samples were treated with a mixture of 2 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Sigma‐Tech, Chemical Grade) and 3 mL of 30 % hydrogen peroxide (Aldrich).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation in the Presence of Hybrid Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts. Part I: Monometallic

et al. 2017

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Hybrid Ru‐containing catalysts, based on poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers, immobilized in silica pores, were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized Ru catalysts proved their efficiency in the selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid and its esters at 80 °C, 30 bar of H2, and 50 % volume substrate concentration in water. Quantitative yields of γ‐valerolactone were obtained for both micro‐ and mesoporous Ru catalysts within 2 h with catalytic activity as high as 1610 h−1. The reaction rate and selectivity on γ‐valerolactone were found to depend on several factors such as carrier structure, temperature, presence of water, and substrate/Ru ratio. The novelty of these hybrid materials is the presence of both weak acid (SiO2) and organic base centers (dendrimer amino groups), enhancing the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles. The presence of amino groups in the catalyst stabilizes the Ru nanoparticles during the synthesis and promotes the adsorption of levulinic acid on the surface of Ru nanoparticles during the reaction. Synthesized hybrid Ru catalysts can be reused several times without significant loss of activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation in the Presence of Hybrid Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts. Part I: Monometallic

et al. 2017

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“…Quantitative determination of ruthenium in the samples was conducted by using spectrophotometry on instrument “Agilent UV/Vis. 8453” 51. A series of aqueous calibration solutions of RuCl 3 was prepared with concentrations 2.2; 2.9; 4.9; 7.5 mg in a volume of 10 mL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium Nanoparticles Stabilized in Cross‐Linked Dendrimer Matrices: Hydrogenation of Phenols in Aqueous Media

et al. 2015

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Novel catalysts consisting of ruthenium nanoparticles encapsulated in cross‐linked matrices based on the poly(propylene imine) dendrimers of the 1st and 3rd generations have been synthesized with a narrow particle size distribution (3.8 and 1.0 nm, respectively). The resulting materials showed high activity for the hydrogenation of phenols in aqueous media (specific catalytic activity reached turnover frequencies of 2975 h−1 with respect to hydrogen uptake). It has been shown that the use of water as a solvent leads to a 1.5 to 50‐fold increase in the reaction rate depending upon the nature of the substrate. It has been established that unlike the traditional heterogeneous catalysts based on ruthenium, during the hydrogenation of dihydroxybenzenes, the hydrogenation rate decreases in the order: resorcinol>hydroquinone≫catechol. The maximum specific activity for resorcinol was a turnover frequency of 243150 h−1 with respect to hydrogen uptake. The catalyst based on the dendrimer of the 3rd generation containing finer particles has significantly inferior activity to the catalyst based on the dendrimer of the 1st generation by virtue of steric factors, as well as the need for prereduction of the ruthenium oxide contained on the surface. These catalysts showed resistance to metal leaching and may be reused several times without loss of activity.

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“…8453" (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [109]. Ru-containing samples were treated with a mixture of 2 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Sigma-Tech, Chemical Grade; Moscow, Russia) and 3 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (Aldrich).…”

Section: Analyses and Instrumentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimer-Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized in Organo-Silica Materials for Hydrogenation of Phenols

et al. 2017

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New hybrid catalysts based on Ru nanoparticles, encapsulated into poly(propylene imine dendrimers), immobilized into silica pores, were synthesized and examined for the hydrogenation of alkyl-substituted phenols. The corresponding alkyl-substituted cyclohexanols were presented as the major reaction products, while incomplete hydrogenation products appeared to be minor. A competition between the sterical factors of dendrimer-containing carriers and the electronic factors of substrate substituents influenced the hydrogenation rate of the alkyl-substituted phenols. The carrier structure was found to have a significant influence on both the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts and their hydrogenation activity. The synthesized hybrid catalysts appeared to be stable after recycling and could be re-used several times without significant loss of activity.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium with 1,10-Phenanthroline

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Selective Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation in the Presence of Hybrid Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts. Part I: Monometallic

Selective Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation in the Presence of Hybrid Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts. Part I: Monometallic

Ruthenium Nanoparticles Stabilized in Cross‐Linked Dendrimer Matrices: Hydrogenation of Phenols in Aqueous Media

Dendrimer-Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized in Organo-Silica Materials for Hydrogenation of Phenols

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