Spectrophotometric determination of clotrimazole in bulk drug and dosage forms

Abdelmageed, Osama H.; Khashaba, Pakinaz Y.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(93)80200-b

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Quantitative analysis of the drugs applying extractive spectrophotometric methods is mainly founded on such factors as type of solvent extraction, nature of coordination agents, acidity of the solution, concentration of reagents, temperature, time of reaction and extraction.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Misiuk

Tykocka

2007

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Nortriptyline (NOR) belongs to the family of tricyclic antidepressants, a group of drugs widely used for treating depressive diseases. Its chemical structure is shown in Fig. 1.Most existing methods for the determination of nortriptyline in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples have been reviewed. 1) Among other methods described for the assay of this drug are direct UV-spectrophotometry, 2,3) derivatives spectrophotometry, 4,5) fluorimetry 6) and colourimetry. 7,8) The colourimetric methods involve ion association complex with dye-Light Green FCF at pH 5 and Orange II 7) at pH 2 or charge-transfer complex with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCQN). 8)Extractive spectrophotometric procedures are popular for their sensitivity in the assay of drugs and, therefore, ion-pair extractive spectrophotometry has received considerable attention for the quantitative determination of many pharmaceutical compounds. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Quantitative analysis of the drugs applying extractive spectrophotometric methods is mainly founded on such factors as type of solvent extraction, nature of coordination agents, acidity of the solution, concentration of reagents, temperature, time of reaction and extraction.Some methodological reports for the determination of nortriptyline 6,7,11,21,[25][26][27] using specrophotometry have been published. However, these methods have several disadvantages in terms of cost performance, consumption of time and essential equipment, difficult reaction conditions and procedures for determination of drugs.For example, De La Pena et al. 6) developed a fast kinetic method for the determination of nortriptyline in pharmaceutical preparations by use of photometric and fluorimetric detection. But the applied procedures required a temperature of 50°C for both types of detection. Obtained linear dynamic ranges of the drug determinations were too broad.Another method 21) was based on oxidation of imipramine and desipramine (drugs related to nortriptyline) with ammonium metavanadate. The method has been developed for determination of the drugs in the visible (VIS) range. However, the applied oxidizing agent cannot be used for determination of nortriptyline in the VIS range. The drug oxidation product is colourless and ammonium metavanadate is an unsuitable agent for its production.Oztunc et al. 8) have proposed a method for nortriptyline determination which exhibited disadvantages in terms of difficult reaction conditions. In this procedure maximum absorption was reached at 80°C and heating time of 10 min was recommended for maximum intensity colour development.Most of the proposed agents for spectrophotometric determination of nortriptyline and related drugs are unsatisfactory for different reasons, e.g., a long period for maximum intensity color development, lengthy and difficult procedure, lack Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical FormulationsWieslawa MISIUK* and Agnieszka TYKOCKA

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Misiuk

Tykocka

2007

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…Ion-pair extraction spectrophotometry has received considerable attention for quantitative estimation of many pharmaceutically important compounds [10][11][12][13][14]. CTZH reacted with ARS in an acidic buffer to form a yellow ion-pair complex which was extracted into chloroform.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of ceterizine hydrochloride with Alizarin Red S

Basavaiah

Srilatha

Swamy

1999

Talanta

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“…The results were compared with the official method, 30 and are summarized in Table 3. It is noteworthy that the proposed method is very simple, accurate, precise and inexpensive compared to other methods reported in the literature, including spectrophotometry, 25,26 HPLC, 27 titrimetry 28 and polarography. 29 …”

Section: Indirect Potentiometric Titration Of Clotrimazolementioning

confidence: 89%

“…The electrode was successfully used as an indicator electrode in the titration of 25 Table 1 Optimization of the membrane ingredients shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Direct Potentiometric Titration Of I3 -Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clotrimazole-Triiodide Ion Association as an Ion Exchanger for a Triiodide Ion-Selective Electrode

Farhadi

Maleki

2002

ANAL. SCI.

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There has been continuing growth in the number of PVC membrane electrodes that have been prepared for a variety of substances. These electrodes can be prepared by incorporating any of the many ion-exchanger or neutral-sequestering agents within a plasticized PVC matrix, and used as very useful tools for clinical, chemical and environmental analysis. 1 and Schiff-base complexes 6 have been reported as possessing improved characteristics in selectivity. Despite an urgent need for a triiodide-selective sensor for a direct determination of iodine or an indirect determination of some important specific oxidizing substances in many industrial, medical and environmental samples, there has been limited reports on a triiodide ion-selective electrode in the literature. 7,8We recently studied the electrochemical behavior and some chemical properties of various antifungal drugs containing piperazine or imidazole groups such as, ketoconazole in aqueous and non-aqueous media. [9][10][11][12] In this work, we initially studied the reaction between clotrimazole (CT) (a drug containing an imidazole ring) and triiodide ions. We found that the protonated clotrimazole (CTH + ) is precipitated in the presence of excess I3 -ions as a (CTH)I3 ion pair. Since the obtained ion pair is very stable and insoluble in aqueous solutions, we therefore employed this ion pair to prepare a new solvent polymeric membrane sensor for selective monitoring of the I3 -ion. Applications of the proposed membrane electrode as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of triiodide ions in solutions and in the indirect potentiometric determination of CT from pharmaceutical preparations were investigated. Experimental Reagents and chemicalsReagent-grade benzyl acetate (BA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), nitrobenzene (NB), acetophenone (AP), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) sebacate (DOS), tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform and high relative molecular-weight PVC were purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Reagent-grade CT, oleic acid (OA), tetraphenyl phosphonium chloride (TPPC), iodine and all of the anionic salts used (all from Merck) were of the highest purity available, and were used without any further purification. Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving the appropriate salt or diluting standard solutions as specified in doubly distilled water. ApparatusA WTW multilab 540 Ionalyzer (Germany) pH/mV meter was used for the potential and pH measurements at 25.0 ± 0.1˚C. The cell used was of the type Ag/AgCl, KCl (3 M) | internal solution KI3 (0.01 M) | PVC membrane | test solution | Ag/AgCl, KCl (3 M). The activities of anions were calculated using the Debye-Hückel procedure. 13 An LKB Model 4054 UV-Vis recording spectrophotometer with 10 mm quartz cells was used for absorbance measurements. Preparation of ion-exchanger (CTH)I3To a 10 ml aliquot of a 0.01 M aqueous CT solution containing a few drops of HCl (1 M) was slowly added a triiodide solution (0.01 M) with continuous stirring until precipitation was completed. The resulting brown ion-pa...

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Spectrophotometric determination of clotrimazole in bulk drug and dosage forms

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Sensitive Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Spectrophotometric determination of ceterizine hydrochloride with Alizarin Red S

Clotrimazole-Triiodide Ion Association as an Ion Exchanger for a Triiodide Ion-Selective Electrode

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