Spectrophotometric determination of chloride at the parts-per-billion level by the mercury(II) thiocyanate method

Florence, T.M.; Farrar, Yvonne J.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)82142-5

Cited by 272 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…At this point, it was not clear if the effect on absorbance was caused by acidity or by sulfate concentration. In a previous work 19 , it was observed that nitric and perchloric acids produced a slight effect on the displacement reaction with mercury(II) thiocyanate and formation of iron(III)-thiocyanate complex. However, sulfuric acid caused a pronounced effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Overcoming the schlieren effect in flow injection spectrophotometry by introduction of large sample volumes: determination of chloride in the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries

Rocha¹,

Nóbrega²

1997

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Um sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção espectrofotométrica é proposto para determinação de cloreto em eletrólito de bateria chumbo-ácido, utilizando a reação com tiocianato de mercúrio(II) em meio contendo ferro(III). A formação de gradientes de índice de refração no centro da zona de amostra foi evitada utilizando um elevado volume de amostra. Interferência devida a sulfato foi investigada e a correlação entre os equilíbrios químicos envolvidos e os sinais transientes gerados foi utilizada para desenvolver uma estratégia para a quantificação de cloreto. Amostras contendo de 2,2 a 3,7 mol L -1 de ácido sulfúrico podem ser determinadas utilizando a mesma curva analítica, sem efeitos matriciais ou qualquer tratamento prévio. O limite de detecção e o desvio padrão relativo das medidas foram estimados em 0,37amg Cl -L -1 (nível de confiança de 99,7 %) e 1,6%a(n = 10), respectivamente. A frequência de amostragem foi 45 h -1 . Porcentagens de recuperação entre 95,9 e 108% foram obtidas para adições de cloreto (2,00 a 8,00 mg L -1 ) nas amostras.A flow injection spectrophotometric system is proposed for determining chloride in lead-acid battery electrolyte by using the displacement reaction between mercury(II) thiocyanate and chloride in a medium containing iron(III). The employment of a large sample volume was effective to avoid refractive index gradients in the central part of the sample zone. Sulfate interference was studied and the correlation between the chemical equilibria involved and the transient signals was used to develop a strategy for chloride quantification. Samples containing from 2.2 to 3.7 mol L -1 of sulfuric acid can be determined by using the same analytical curve, without matrix interference or any previous treatment. The detection limit and the relative standard deviation were estimated in 0.37amg Cl -L -1 (99.7% confidence level) and 1.6% (n = 10), respectively. The sampling rate was 45 h -1 . Recoveries between 95.9 and 108% were obtained for additions of chloride (2.00 to 8.00 mg L -1 ) in the samples.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Overcoming the schlieren effect in flow injection spectrophotometry by introduction of large sample volumes: determination of chloride in the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries

Rocha¹,

Nóbrega²

1997

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The absorption of the UVlight by chloroethanol under the given conditions is negligible, however, it was taken into account. The resulting yield of Cl − was determined by mercury (II) thiocyanate method [19], where .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 4-hydroxyestrone: Electron emission, formation of secondary metabolites and mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Getoff

Gerschpacher

Hartmann

et al. 2010

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE 1 ), a typical cancer-inducing metabolite, originating from 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), was chosen as a model for the studies. The aim was to get a deeper insight in the mechanisms of its ability to initiate cancer. It was found, that 4-OHE 1 can eject electrons , when excited in the singlet state by monochromatic UV-light (γ = 254 nm) in polar media (water:ethanol = 40:60 vol.%). The quantum yield , determined for various 4-OHE 1 concentrations, is found to be as high as that previously observed for 17β-E2. It decreases with increasing substrate concentration, but it is enhanced at higher temperature. The ability of 4-OHE 1 to eject as well as to consume and to transfer electrons to other biological systems, classifies it as an electron mediator, similar to 17β-E2.The 4-OHE 1 transients resulting of the electron emission process are leading to the formation of secondary metabolites. Surprisingly, it was established that the secondary metabolites possess likewise the ability to eject as well as to consume electrons. Hence, they behave similar like 17β-E2. However, the structure of the secondary formed metabolites, which determinates their biological properties and carcinogenity, depends on the nature of the available reaction partners involved in their formation. A probable reaction mechanism explaining the subject matter is discussed.

show abstract

“…Hydrogen was continuously bubbled (∼40-50 mL/min) at a depth of ∼30 mm below the liquid level at one of the corners of RCCR. The reactor was maintained at atmospheric pressure and room temperature (26)(27)(28) • C) for all the dechlorination experiments. Experiments were conducted using PCP solutions prepared in plain water after the adjustment of pH using acid or alkali.…”

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, aliquots were also analyzed for the formation of end products using GC-ECD and GC-FID. Release of free chloride ions due to dechlorination reaction was measured by mercury(II) thiocyanate spectrophotometric method [27]. At the end of 2 h of reaction, RCCR was emptied of its content and refilled with water and equilibrated for 1 h to wash the palladized bacterial cellulose deposited on discs.…”

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete dechlorination of pentachlorophenol using palladized bacterial cellulose in a rotating catalyst contact reactor

Patel

Suresh

2008

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spectrophotometric determination of chloride at the parts-per-billion level by the mercury(II) thiocyanate method

Cited by 272 publications

References 10 publications

Overcoming the schlieren effect in flow injection spectrophotometry by introduction of large sample volumes: determination of chloride in the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries

Overcoming the schlieren effect in flow injection spectrophotometry by introduction of large sample volumes: determination of chloride in the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries

The 4-hydroxyestrone: Electron emission, formation of secondary metabolites and mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Complete dechlorination of pentachlorophenol using palladized bacterial cellulose in a rotating catalyst contact reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About