Spectrophotometric Assay of Superoxide Anion Formed in Maillard Reaction Based on Highly Water-soluble Tetrazolium Salt

Ukeda, Hiroyuki; Shimamura, Takeshi; Tsubouchi, Mina; Harada, Yumi; Nakai, Yoshinobu; Sawamura, Masayoshi

doi:10.2116/analsci.18.1151

Cited by 82 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, PARP activation is likely to upregulate activities of both extramitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondrial NADH oxidase, the important superoxide-generating enzymes. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, if present, may lead to protein kinase C activation and advanced glycation end product formation (19), both known to contribute to superoxide anion radical generation via protein kinase C-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase (36), Maillard reaction (37), and advanced glycation end product interactions with their receptors (38), as well as glycation and downregulation of antioxidative defense enzymes (39). Thus, PARP activation may be involved in superoxide generation via multiple metabolic mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Activation in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

et al. 2005

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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications, is considered a downstream effector of oxidativenitrosative stress. However, some recent findings suggest that it is not necessarily the case and that PARP activation may precede and contribute to free radical and oxidantinduced injury. This study evaluated the effect of PARP inhibition on oxidative-nitrosative stress in diabetic peripheral nerve, vasa nervorum, aorta, and high glucoseexposed human Schwann cells. In vivo experiments were performed in control rats and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated with and without the PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (ABA) (30 mg ⅐ kg ؊1 ⅐ day ؊1 i.p. for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of untreated diabetes). Human Schwann cells (HSC) (passages 7-10; ScienCell Research Labs) were cultured in 5.5 or 30 mmol/l glucose with and without 5 mmol/l ABA. Diabetes-induced increase in peripheral nerve nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, epineurial vessel superoxide and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivities, and aortic superoxide production was reduced by ABA. PARP-1 (Western blot analysis) was abundantly expressed in HSC, and its expression was not affected by high glucose or ABA treatment. High-glucose-induced superoxide production and overexpression of nitrosylated and poly(ADPribosyl)ated protein, chemically reduced amino acid-(4)-hydroxynonenal adducts, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased by ABA. We concluded that PARP activation contributes to superoxide anion radical and peroxynitrite formation in peripheral nerve, vasa nervorum, and aorta of STZ-induced diabetic rats and highglucose-exposed HSC. The relations between oxidativenitrosative stress and PARP activation in diabetes are birather than unidirectional, and PARP activation cannot only result from but also lead to free radical and oxidant generation. Diabetes 54:3435-3441, 2005 O xidative-nitrosative stress produced by free radicals and oxidants contributes to nerve conduction deficits (1-3), metabolic changes (3,4), impaired neurotrophic support (5), neurovascular dysfunction (1,2), abnormal sensation, and pain (6,7), as well as morphological abnormalities (8) characteristic for peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Enhanced oxidative-nitrosative stress is manifest in peripheral nerve, dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia, and vasculature of the peripheral nervous system of animals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1,3,9 -13). One of the important, currently considered as downstream, effectors of oxidative-nitrosative injury and associated DNA single-strand breakage is activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP). Once activated, PARP cleaves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ϩ ) with formation of nicotinamide and ADP-ribose residues, which are attached to nuclear proteins with formation of poly(ADPribosyl)ated protein polymers. The process leads to 1) NAD ϩ depletion and energy failure (16,17), 2) changes of transcriptional regulation and gene expression (18), and 3) po...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Activation in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

et al. 2005

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“…Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed in duplicate with a commercial kit (SOD Assay Kit-WST, Doijndo, Japan) based on a reaction with a tetrazolium salt on a microplate spectrophotometer at 440 nm [32].…”

Section: Biochemical Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

et al. 2004

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-During the periparturient period, some impairment of immune defences were observed. Reference values for the different non-specific immune parameters in cows are not generally available, thus limiting the application of these parameters in dairy practice. This paper reports the data on the measurements of different parameters in the blood, and explores the possible influence of the herd on the non-specific immune status of the cow. Five herds located in Northern Italy were selected and overall 39 heifers were enrolled in the trial. Blood samples were taken 14 and 7 days before the expected date of calving, then at 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 75 days after calving. The parameters assessed were N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase), lysozyme, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, haptoglobin, respiratory burst, and serum protein profile. After calving, a significant decrease of respiratory burst and nitric oxide concentration were observed in comparison with the pre-calving values but not with the post-calving samplings. Total proteins, β-and γ-globulins showed a progressive and significant increase in concentration after calving, in comparison with pre-calving values. The results of the study confirmed that a decrease of immune functions can be observed in commercial dairy herds in the first four weeks after calving. The amplitude of this phenomenon is not common to all animals and all herds, suggesting the possibility to reduce the impairment by improved management and genetic selection. heifers / periparturient period / blood / non-specific immunity

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“…3, 4), we examined the generation of anion radicals by cyclohexyl-DHP using the highly water-soluble tetrazolium salt WST-1. 19) As shown in Fig. 5, cyclohexyl-DHP significantly increased superoxide anion generation in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Dna Strand Breakage By Cyclohexyl-dhpmentioning

confidence: 63%

Oxidative Stress Induced by a Dihydropyrazine Derivative

Takechi

Nakahara

Adachi

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The Maillard reaction, which comprises a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids, produces hundreds of highly reactive compounds. Dihydropyrazine (DHP) is produced by condensation of 2 mol of D-glucosamine, 1) and some DHP derivatives generate various radical species that cause DNA strand cleavage in vitro.2) Since many pyrazine derivatives have been detected in various foods 3) and human urine, 4) we speculated that DHPs, which are presumed to be precursors of pyrazines, would be responsible for certain diseases. However, there are few reports regarding the biological and physiological roles of DHPs.In a previous paper, we reported that methyl-substituted dihydropyrazines (Me-DHPs), such as 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethylpyrazine, had DNA strand-breaking activity, inhibited growth and induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.5) Although phenyl-substituted dihydropyrazines (Ph-DHPs) have much higher DNA strand-breaking activities and produce higher levels of radical species than Me-DHPs, 6,7) DNA repair-deficient bacteria were less sensitive to Ph-DHPs than to Me-DHPs. 8) Recently, cyclohexyl-DHP, which was designed according to our hypothesis of a relationship between the chemical structures of DHP derivatives and DNA strandbreaking activities, 9) was shown to possess a stronger DNA strand-breaking activity than Me-DHPs and Ph-DHPs. 10)In the present study, we examined the cellular effects of a novel cyclohexyl-DHP with a cyclohexyl ring fused to the DHP. We found that it could strongly generate superoxide anions, and cause not only breakage of chromosomal DNA leading to mutagenic lesions but also induce oxidative damage to cellular proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synthesis of DHPsA mixture of two isomers of cyclohexyl-DHP (Fig. 1), namely 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoxaline (endo-type) and 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroquinoxaline (exotype), was prepared using a previously described method. 11) were obtained from the National BioResource Project (NIG, Japan). CATD [AB1157 katE katG] and SODD [AB1157 sodA sodB] were described in a previous paper. 8)DNA Strand-Breaking Assay Reaction mixtures (20 ml) containing 1 mg of plasmid pUC18 were incubated with DHP in the presence or absence of 1 mM CuCl 2 for 1 h at 37°C. The resulting mixtures were analyzed by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and stained with 0.5 mg/ml ethidium bromide. The DNA bands were visualized with an Epi-LightUV FA500 (Taitec, Japan).Survival Assay Overnight cultures of E. coli were diluted by 100-fold with fresh LB medium and grown at 37°C until the OD 600 was approximately 0.1. Approximately 1ϫ10 8 bacteria were then challenged with DHP in the presence or absence of 1 mM CuCl 2 for 1 h with shaking at 37°C, plated on LB plates after serial dilutions in M9 salts and incubated overnight at 37°C. The survival rates were calculated as the percentages of cells surviving after challenge with DHP. All experiments were conducted at least four times. The Maillard reaction contributes to the complications of diabetes and normal aging. Dihydropyrazine...

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Spectrophotometric Assay of Superoxide Anion Formed in Maillard Reaction Based on Highly Water-soluble Tetrazolium Salt

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Activation in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Activation in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

The evaluation of non-specific immune status of heifers in field conditions during the periparturient period

Oxidative Stress Induced by a Dihydropyrazine Derivative

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