Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determination of insensitive energetic materials: HNS and NTO, in the presence of sensitive nitro-explosives

Can, Ziya; Üzer, Ayşem; Tekdemir, Yasemin; Erçağ, Erol; Türker, Lemi; Apak, Reşat

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.077

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fluorescence turn-on by NTO in THF/hexane could be quantitatively detected in the concentration range from 4 × 10 –8 to 10 –3 mol/L (Figures b and S7b) with a limit of detection as low as 4 × 10 –8 mol/L. Although other spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods have been reported for the determination of NTO with high reusability and reproducibility, the fluorescent method allows the rapid detection NTO by the naked eye.…”

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confidence: 94%

Tuning the Luminescence of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Detection of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds

et al. 2014

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Herein we report three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), TABD-MOF-1, -2, and -3, constructed from Mg(2+), Ni(2+), and Co(2+), respectively, and deprotonated 4,4'-((Z,Z)-1,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-diene-1,4-diyl)dibenzoic acid (TABD-COOH). The fluorescence of these three MOFs is tuned from highly emissive to completely nonemissive via ligand-to-metal charge transfer by rational alteration of the metal ion. Through competitive coordination substitution, the organic linkers in the TABD-MOFs are released and subsequently reassemble to form emissive aggregates due to aggregation-induced emission. This enables highly sensitive and selective detection of explosives such as five-membered-ring energetic heterocyclic compounds in a few seconds with low detection limits through emission shift and/or turn-on. Remarkably, the cobalt-based MOF can selectively sense the powerful explosive 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one with high sensitivity discernible by the naked eye (detection limit = 6.5 ng on a 1 cm(2) testing strip) and parts per billion-scale sensitivity by spectroscopy via pronounced fluorescence emission.

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confidence: 94%

Tuning the Luminescence of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Detection of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds

et al. 2014

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“…Later, after the development of ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS)-based method suitable for field analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), − laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), fluorescence turn-on, fluorescence quenching, and electrochemistry-based methods continued to be developed for NTO determination. In 2012, the simultaneous determination of NTO and TNT was performed by our research group utilizing spectrophotometry and chromatography techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naked-Eye Detection of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one at Sub-Femtomolar Levels with Melamine and Unlabeled Au Nanoparticles

Durmazel

Üzer

Apak

2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In this paper, a simple and rapid nanosensing assay was developed for 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) exploiting target-directed adsorption by unlabeled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and competitive supramolecular association of NTO with melamine (MEL). While AuNPs aggregated in the presence of MEL with a color change from red to blue, AuNPs remained dispersed and retained their original plasmonic red color with the addition of NTO, owing to the hydrogen bonding affinity of the NTO triazole ring to MEL. The concentration of NTO leading to color change could be determined with the naked-eye even at the sub-femtomolar level. Analytical results showed that the absorption ratio (A 520nm/A 630nm) varied linearly with the logarithm of NTO concentration in the range of 3.08 × 10–16 to 3.08 × 10–12 mol L–1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The synthesized and resultant AuNPs (in the presence of NTO and/or MEL) were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ζ-potential measurements. Possible interferences of various energetic substances in synthetic mixtures containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and ammonium nitrate, of possible camouflage materials used in passenger belongings such as cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride), d-(+)-glucose as a representative sugar, acetylsalicylic acid- and paracetamol-based painkiller drugs, and of commonly found soil ions (Cl–, NO3 –, SO4 2–, Ca2+, Mg2+, CuII, FeII/III, and AgI) were also examined. In addition, recovery of NTO was successfully performed from NTO-based melt-cast formulations consisting of mixtures of TNT and NTO. The proposed method was statistically validated against a reference liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method applied to NTO standards, NTO-contaminated soil, and loam samples.

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“…3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is a low-sensitivity and high-density explosive whose detonation pressure and velocity are comparable to 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and its shock sensitivity and mechanical sensitivity are significantly better than RDX and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), second to triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) [1][2][3][4]. Due to its good performance in terms of sensitivity and energy, NTO has a great potential for application in the field of energetic materials [5][6][7][8]. However, the irregular morphology and large particle size of the raw NTO lead to its poor molding performance and low charge density, which further limits its application in mixed explosives [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Ultra‐Fine 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazole‐5‐One Crystals Using a Novel Ultrasonic–Assisted Spray Technology

Liu

Song

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The preparation of ultra-fine energetic materials still faces great challenges. In order to prepare the ultra-fine NTO crystals with controllable size and morphology, the study proposes a novel ultrasonic-assisted spray technology that can ensure the rapidity and safety of the preparation of ultra-fine NTO crystals. The as-prepared NTO crystals are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of solvent type, solution concentration, ultrasonic parameters, and anti-solvent on the morphology and average size of NTO crystals are investigated. The results obtained show that NTO ultra-fine crystals with an average particle size of 0.2 μm can be obtained quickly in optimum preparation conditions. The effectiveness of the technique presented for preparing ultra-fine spherical NTO crystals was demonstrated by comparison with baseline experiments. Ultrasonic-assisted spray technology offers a safe and fast route for the preparation of ultra-fine NTO particles and reveals an ideal method for the preparation of other ultra-fine energetic particles.

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Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determination of insensitive energetic materials: HNS and NTO, in the presence of sensitive nitro-explosives

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Tuning the Luminescence of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Detection of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds

Tuning the Luminescence of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Detection of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds

Naked-Eye Detection of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one at Sub-Femtomolar Levels with Melamine and Unlabeled Au Nanoparticles

Preparation and Characterization of Ultra‐Fine 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazole‐5‐One Crystals Using a Novel Ultrasonic–Assisted Spray Technology

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