Spectrofluorometric Determination of the Toxic Constituents of Cleistanthus collinus

Annapoorani, K.S.; Periakali, P.; Ilangovan, Sujatha; Damodaran, C.; Sekharan, P. Chandra

doi:10.1093/jat/8.4.182

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the 1970s a series of phytoconstituents was isolated from the leaves of C. collinus and it includes eargic acid, diphyllin, collinusin, cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B [2] . Later, it was reported that the diphyllin glycoside includes cleistanthins A and B and they are responsible for the C. collinus poisoning [3] which causes severe toxic effects on the cardiac and the respiratory systems in patients. The poisonous effect of C. collinus was observed after 48–72 h of administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo investigate the toxicological effects of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B using sub-chronic toxicity testing in rodents.MethodCleistanthins A and B were isolated from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus. Both the compounds were administered orally for 90 days at the concentration of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, and the effects on blood pressure, biochemical parameters and histology were assessed. The dose for sub-chronic toxicology was determined by fixed dose method according to OECD guidelines.ResultSub-chronic toxicity study of cleistanthins A and B spanning over 90 days at the dose levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg (once daily, per oral) revealed a significant dose dependant toxic effect in lungs. The compounds did not have any effect on the growth of the rats. The food and water intake of the animals were also not affected by both cleistanthins A and B. Both the compounds did not have any significant effect on liver and renal markers. The histopathological analysis of both cleistanthins A and B showed dose dependent morphological changes in the brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney. When compared to cleistanthin A, cleistanthin B had more toxic effect in Wistar rats. Both the compounds have produced a dose dependent increase of corpora amylacea in brain and induced acute tubular necrosis in kidneys. In addition, cleistanthin B caused spotty necrosis of liver in higher doses.ConclusionThe present study concludes that both cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B exert severe toxic effects on lungs, brain, liver, heart and kidneys. They do not cause any significant pathological change in the reproductive system; neither do they induce neurodegenerative changes in brain. When compared to cleistanthin A, cleistanthin B is more toxic in rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)

et al. 2014

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“…[68–71] Other techniques that have been used for detection of toxin in blood and urine include high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. [3237–397273]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleistanthus collinus poisoning

Chrispal

2012

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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Cleistanthus collinus, a toxic shrub, is used for deliberate self-harm in rural South India. MEDLINE (PUBMED) and Google were searched for published papers using the search/ MeSH terms “Cleistanthus collinus,” “Euphorbiaceae,” “Diphyllin,” “Cleistanthin A,” Cleistanthin B” and “Oduvanthalai.” Non-indexed journals and abstracts were searched by tracing citations in published papers. The toxic principles in the leaf include arylnaphthalene lignan lactones — Diphyllin and its glycoside derivatives Cleistanthin A and B. Toxin effect in animal models demonstrate neuromuscular blockade with muscle weakness, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and type 2 respiratory failure with conflicting evidence of cardiac involvement. Studies suggest a likely inhibition of thiol/thiol enzymes by the lignan-lactones, depletion of glutathione and ATPases in tissues. V-type H+ ATPase inhibition in the renal tubule has been demonstrated. Mortality occurs in up to 40% of C. collinus poisonings. Human toxicity results in renal tubular dysfunction, commonly dRTA, with resultant hypokalemia and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Aggressive management of these metabolic derangements is crucial. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is seen in severe cases. Cardiac rhythm abnormalities have been demonstrated in a number of clinical studies, though the role of temporary cardiac pacemakers in reducing mortality is uncertain. Consumption of decoctions of C. collinus leaves, hypokalemia, renal failure, severe metabolic acidosis, ARDS and cardiac arrhythmias occur in severe poisonings and predict mortality. Further study is essential to delineate mechanisms of organ injury and interventions, including antidotes, which will reduce mortality.

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“…This plant is commonly used as a suicidal and homicidal poison in Southeast Asian countries,[1] and cleistanthins A and B have been reported to be responsible for toxic effects in human beings. [23] Arylnaphthalide lignin glycosides are the major phytoconstituent of the genus Cleistanthus . They are also present in Phyllanthus taxodiifolius, Haplophyllum buxbaumii , and Cleistanthus patulus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodistribution properties of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B using magnetic resonance imaging in a normal and tumoric animal model

Parasuraman¹,

Raveendran²,

Ardestani³

et al. 2012

Phcog Mag

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Aim:To determine the biodistribution properties of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B in rodents using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:Cleistanthins A and B, constituents of Cleistanthus collinus Roxb., were labelled with gadolinium (Gd3+) directly and injected into normal and tumoric nude mice. The tissue signal intensity was measured using MRI to perform a noninvasive kinetic assay. Wistar rats were used for determination of the grayscale intensity to observe the distribution patterns of of cleistanthins A and B.Results:Cleistanthin A is kinetically more attractive to the gastrointestinal tract than is cleistanthin B, which gets accumulated in muscular tissues of mice in greater concentrations compared with cleistanthin A. Cleistanthin B but not cleistanthin A showed tumoric affinity and exhibited a tumor kinetic attraction in tumoric mice. In rats, cleistanthin A showed greater grayscale intensities in the brain, liver, and skeletal muscles in immediate post contrast MRI images, whereas the gadolinium tagged cleistanthin B showed higher grayscale intensities in the cardiac muscle and skeletal muscles in delayed post contrast MRI images.Conclusions:Cleistanthin A is more pharmacokinetically attractive to the gastrointestinal tract than cleistanthin B.

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Spectrofluorometric Determination of the Toxic Constituents of Cleistanthus collinus

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)

Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)

Cleistanthus collinus poisoning

Biodistribution properties of cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B using magnetic resonance imaging in a normal and tumoric animal model

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