Spectrin oxidation correlates with membrane vesiculation in stored RBCs

Abstract

An increase in spectrin oxidation in a variety of erythrocytes displaying a tendency to vesiculate has been previously described. To explore this relationship in more detail, we have studied blood stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine under blood bank conditions because, in this system, vesiculation occurs slowly. Vesiculation was quantitated by measuring acetylcholinesterase release, and the extent of spectrin oxidation was detected by using thiol-disulfide exchange chromatography. A strong correlation (r = .92) was found between the extent of spectrin oxidation and vesiculation when blood from five donors was analyzed at weekly intervals during storage. This strongly suggests that spectrin oxidation plays a role in the formation of spectrin-free vesicles, thereby limiting the shelf life of stored blood.

Clinical consequences of red cell storage in the critically ill

“…These corpuscular changes are associated with a multitude of biochemical and biomechanical changes, which have been previously summarized and have been collectively referred to as the storage lesion. [1][2][3]19,20 These biochemical and biomechanical changes associated with RBC storage include a depletion of ATP 21-23 and 2,3-DPG, [22][23][24][25] membrane phospholipid vessiculation [26][27][28][29] and loss, protein oxidation 1,30 and lipid peroxidation of RBC membrane, 31 and, ultimately, loss of deformability. [32][33][34][35] These corpuscular changes may contribute to adverse clinical consequences as a result of altered or diminished oxygen transport.…”

“…Oxidation of the spectrin-actin-protein 4.1 complex, which binds the phospholipid bilayer to RBC cytoskeleton, has been correlated with vessiculation of the RBC membrane. 11,30,56 Similarly, lipid peroxidation has also been associated with increased RBC deformability 57 and osmotic fragility. 50 During storage, the loss of band 3, an intrinsic RBC membrane proteins, results in a shift toward glycolysis with a resultant decrease in intracellular levels of NADPH and ATP, which may make the RBCs vulnerable to oxidative stress.…”

Red blood cell aging markers during storage in citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose–saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol

“…The more effective management of oxidative stress in the case of CPD-SAGM RBCs is probably connected to the observed lower levels of membrane vesiculation compared to the CPDA-stored RBCs, 18,27,28 as previously suggested. 10,18,29 Apart from representing a prominent feature of RBC senescence, 1 the storage-associated vesiculation is a powerful contributor to the adverse effects of the transfusions. 1,14 The sharp increase in the relative proportion of carbonylated cytoskeletal proteins at the end of the storage period is probably associated with the low participation of cytoskeleton components into the released vesicles.…”

Erythrocyte-derived ectosomes have immunosuppressive properties

“…The expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer-membrane leaflet of the E-ecto indicates that the lipid asymmetry of the two membrane leaflets has been lost, at least in part. The expression of PS varies according to the stimulus used to produce E-ecto in vitro; e.g., powerful stimuli such as Ca ϩϩ ionophores lead to high-level PS expression [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”