Spectral testing of the Landsat-9 OLI-2 instrument using the Goddard Laser Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR)

Barsi, Julia A.; McCorkel, Joel; McAndrew, Brendan; Zukowski, Barbara; Shuman, Timothy; Johnston, Shaida; Markham, Brian L.

doi:10.1117/12.2321192

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Figure 3 illustrates that in the worst case of the CA band the non-linearity characterizations cover both the expected on-orbit top of atmosphere solar diffuser signal as well as the stim lamp signal with a minimum of one data point for each of the signal zones. Other important radiometric scale-related collects that occurred pre-launch involved datasets that defined the OLI full-system relative spectral response data [17,18] and sequences that evaluated the OLI system noise as well as response stability and repeatability over various time intervals. All of these collects and follow-on analysis established the per-band pre-launch radiometric scales' total uncertainties as shown in Tables 2 and 3.…”

Section: Pre-launch Absolute Radiometric Scale and Related Uncertaint...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Levy,

Miller,

Barsi

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (L9-OLI) was launched on 27 September 2021, after completing a successful radiometric pre-launch calibration and characterization phase. The radiometric math model that governs the ground system—the data processing and analysis system (DPAS)—uses various calibration parameters that had been derived based on the pre-launch tests and analysis. During the on-orbit commissioning phase, the OLI system acquired specific sets of data collects, which enabled the revalidation of the pre-launch absolute calibration scale and other associated instrument performance characteristics. The analysis results shown in this paper focus on the activities and results related to the transfer-to-orbit analysis for the SI-traceable pre-launch radiometric scale. Key topics discussed in this paper include: radiance and reflectance calibration parameters for OLI; solar diffuser collects; stimulation-lamp collects; dark response; signal-to-noise ratios; and noise characteristics; radiometric response stability and the on-orbit update to the radiance to reflectance conversion factors. It will be shown that the OLI response during the early on-orbit operation matched pre-launch results and therefore this re-validates the absolute radiometric scaling at the predicted pre-launch level within the expected level of uncertainties. The launch did not cause any significant changes to the OLI system from the perspective of the absolute radiometric calibration performance. Once the transfer to orbit of the absolute calibration was confirmed, it created a solid basis for further on-orbit refinements of the radiance calibration parameters. As such, follow-on calibration refinements are discussed in other articles within this special issue, and they address issues such as uniformity as well as cross-calibration activities.

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Section: Pre-launch Absolute Radiometric Scale and Related Uncertaint...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Levy,

Miller,

Barsi

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…An implementation of the above NIST approach was undertaken as part of the CLARREO project leading to the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR) developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). GLAMR has been successfully used to characterize the radiometric and spectral responses of JPSS-2, 3, and 4 VIIRS, as well as the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat-9 OLI-2 [11][12][13]. These results relied primarily on the relative spectral response capabilities of GLAMR, while the absolute RadCal has been demonstrated with the calibration of an airborne imaging spectrometer [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute Radiometric Calibration of an Imaging Spectroradiometer Using a Laboratory Detector-Based Approach

et al. 2022

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The HyperSpectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS) is the core instrument of the Climate Absolute Refractivity and Reflectance Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission and is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2023. HySICS is an Offner–Chrisp imaging spectrometer designed to meet an unprecedented radiometric uncertainty requirement of 0.3% (k = 1) over its entire spectral range of 350–2300 nm. The approach represents the need for significant improvement over the Radiometric Calibration (RadCal) of existing space-borne spectrometers. One strategy to demonstrate that HySICS achieves this level of accuracy is through an Independent Calibration (IndCal) effort that can provide an alternative referencing RadCal, which follows a traceability chain independent of the operational RadCal of ratioing approach. The IndCal relies on a pre-launch detector-based absolute RadCal of HySICS, using a tunable laser system as source, and the system planned for the HySICS absolute RadCal is the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR). GLAMR was developed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and has been used to calibrate multiple operational remote sensing instruments, as well as the SOlar, Lunar Absolute Reflectance Imaging Spectroradiometer (SOLARIS), a calibration demonstration system developed for the CLARREO mission. In this work, the data of SOLARIS GLAMR RadCal conducted in 2019 are processed to derive the Absolute Spectral Response (ASR) functions and other key characterization parameters of SOLARIS detectors. The results are further analyzed with the goals to plan the HySICS GLAMR RadCal, in particular to optimize its configuration, to demonstrate the traceability route to the NIST standard, and to develop the error budget of the calibration approach. The SOLARIS calibration is also compared with other source- and detector-based calibrations to validate the absolute radiometric accuracy achieved.

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Uncertainty budget for detector-based absolute radiometric calibration with GLAMR

Wang,

Barsi,

Thome

et al. 2024

Appl. Opt.

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The accuracy of the absolute radiometric calibration (RadCal) for remote sensing instruments is essential to their wide range of applications. The uncertainty associated with the traditional source-based RadCal method is assessed at a 2% (k=1) or higher level for radiance measurement. To further improve the accuracy to meet the demands of climate studies, a detector-based approach using tunable lasers as a light source has been devised. The Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance, known as the GLAMR system, is a notable example of the incorporation of such technology. Using transfer radiometers calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology as calibration standards, the absolute spectral response function of a remote sensing instrument is measured with its uncertainty traceable to the International System of Units. This paper presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of the detector-based absolute RadCal using the GLAMR system. It identifies and examines uncertainty sources during the GLAMR RadCal test, including those from the GLAMR system, the testing configuration, and data processing methodologies. Analysis is carried out to quantify the contribution of each source and emphasize the most influential factors. It is shown that the calibration uncertainty of GLAMR RadCal can be better than 0.3% (k=1) in the wavelength range of 350–950 nm and 0.6% (k=1) between 950 and 2300 nm, with the exception of regions with strong water absorption. In addition, recommendations are made to refine the calibration process to further reduce the uncertainty.

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Spectral testing of the Landsat-9 OLI-2 instrument using the Goddard Laser Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Absolute Radiometric Calibration of an Imaging Spectroradiometer Using a Laboratory Detector-Based Approach

Uncertainty budget for detector-based absolute radiometric calibration with GLAMR

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