Spectral response curves of single cones in the carp

Tomita, Tsuneo; Kaneko, Akimichi; Murakami, Motohiko; Pautler, E.L.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(67)90061-2

Cited by 272 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Spectral intensities of green and blue pigments are expressed as the values relative to that of the red pigment in a typical cone fraction. The absorption maxima of rhodopsin and red, green, and blue pigments were 522, 618, 535, and 460 nm, respectively, in agreement with a previous report (27). (E and F) Families of photoresponses at different flash intensities of a rod and a red-sensitive cone, respectively.…”

Section: Isolation Of Rod and Cone Photoreceptor Cells And Preparatiosupporting

confidence: 91%

Low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses

Tachibanaki

Tsushima

Kawamura

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

141

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Vertebrate cone photoreceptors are known to show lower light sensitivity and briefer photoresponses than rod photoreceptors. To understand the molecular mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses, we compared some of the reactions in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones. For this purpose, rods and cones were obtained in quantities large enough to do biochemical studies. The cells were purified from the retina of carp (Cyprinus carpio) with a stepwise Percoll gradient. The purified rod fraction contained almost no other kinds of cells besides rods, and the purified cone fraction contained a mixture of red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cones in the ratio 3:Ϸ1:Ϸ1. We prepared membrane preparations from the rod and the cone fraction, and in these membranes, we measured activation efficiencies of the reactions in the phototransduction cascade. The results showed that the signal amplification is lower in the cone membranes, which accounts for the lower light sensitivity in cones. Furthermore, we measured the time courses of visual pigment phosphorylation. The result showed that the phosphorylation is much faster in the cone membranes, which also explains the lower light sensitivity and, in addition, the briefer photoresponse in cones.

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Section: Isolation Of Rod and Cone Photoreceptor Cells And Preparatiosupporting

confidence: 91%

Low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses

Tachibanaki

Tsushima

Kawamura

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

141

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“…The anomaloscope test, which is a sensitive measure of deviant color vision, is appropriate not only for a comparative study of interspecies variation in color vision but also for a study of a certain species color vision. Oyama and Jitsumori (1973) obtained behavioral evidence for color mixture in the carp whose color mechanism was found to be trichromatic by intracellulor recording of single cones (Tomita, Kaneko, Murakami, & Pautler, 1967), since the carp responded to some red-green mixtures in the same way as they did to yellow and were apparently unable to discriminate the yellow light from an appropriate red-green mixture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anomaloscope Experiment for a Study of Color Mixture in the Pigeon

Jitsumori

1976

Jpn. Psychol. Res

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Two anomaloscope experiments were conducted to test color mixture in the pigeon. In Experiment I, red-green mixtures were paired with the yellow stimulus and testing occurred in a yes/no signal-detection procedure. Results were analysed by Luce's signal detectability model and the stimulus similarity 77 for each pair was calculated. In Experiment II, pigeons were required to make responses in a paired comparison procedure and the scaled subjective value v was calculated. Both n and v of the mixed colors changed according to the change in the ratio of the red and green components with a peak at a certain mixture ratio. It is concluded that the present study gave us clear evidence for color mixture in the pigeon.

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“…When the quantal flux was fixed and the wavelength changed from 400 to 706 nm in 102 nm increments, the cell responded maximally to 604 nm. This wavelength nearly matches that at which both the absorption of the red-sensitive pigment of goldfish cones (MARKS, 1965;HAROSI and MACNICHOL, 1974), and the sensitivity of red-sensitive cones in the carp (a closely related Cyprinid fish: TOMITA et al, 1967;A. Kaneko and M. Tachibana, in preparation), are maximal.…”

Section: Spectral Response Properties Of Lehcsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Spectral sensitivities of cones used as the reference in this study. Previous studies have provided both spectral absorption curves of goldfish cones (MARKS, 1965;HAROSI and MACNICHOL, 1974), as well as the action spectra of electrical responses recorded from carp cones (TOMITA et al, 1967). Recently, one of the present authors obtained more precise spectral sensitivity measurements on 13 carp cones (9 red-sensitive, 2 green-sensitive, and 2 blue-sensitive cones), by measuring the response amplitude vs. log intensity curves (A.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantitative analysis of photoreceptor inputs to external horizontal cells in the goldfish retina.

1982

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The types of photoreceptors converging onto L-type external horizontal cells (LEHCs) were identified, and their interactions studied, by analyzing responses recorded intracellularly in live, immobilized goldfish under dark-adapted conditions. Our observations indicate that LEHCs receive inputs from red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones, in that : (1) the response waveform differed markedly when elicited by shorter (<550nm)-, as opposed to longer (>600nm)-, wavelength stimuli; (2) on plotting response amplitude vs. log stimulus intensity, the slope of the curves increased as the stimulus wavelengths were decreased, when the amplitude was measured at times >100 msec after the onset of the flash; (3) the spectral sensitivity of LEHC responses, measured at times >100 msec after stimulus onset, was intermediate between those of red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive cones ; and (4) the amplitude of responses to flashes of mixed wavelengths differed from those predicted by the principle of univariance. When brief, red (706 nm) flashes were presented simultaneously with, or within 600 msec after brief, green (502 nm) flashes, the amplitudes of LEHC responses were significantly larger than predicted from linear summation of red and green inputs. Our observations thus indicate not only that red-sensitive and greensensitive cones converge on the LEHC, but in addition, that their inputs interact to enhance LEHC responses. The enhancement might occur, at least in part, presynaptically.

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Spectral response curves of single cones in the carp

Cited by 272 publications

References 11 publications

Low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses

Low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses

Anomaloscope Experiment for a Study of Color Mixture in the Pigeon

Quantitative analysis of photoreceptor inputs to external horizontal cells in the goldfish retina.

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