Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to martian surface conditions: Implications for spectroscopy-based mineral detection on Mars

Turenne, Nathalie; Parkinson, Alexis; Applin, D. M.; Mann, P.; Cloutis, E. A.; Mertzman, Stanley A.

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2021.105377

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…An absorption near 1.9 μm is also observed, a band related to the combination of elongation and bending modes of the water molecule. Additional shallow absorptions at 2.28 (Fe 3+ –OH) and 2.32 μm (Mg–OH and/or CO 3 2− ) are observed, indicating that water is present in hydrated mineral phases such as Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates such as nontronite (Turenne et al., 2022) possibly with carbonates; nontronite has also been detected using CheMin at Gale crater (Rampe et al., 2020). These features are also observed in the surrounding rocks (Mandon et al., 2023), possibly indicating a local contribution to the soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

et al. 2023

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Martian soils are critically important for understanding the history of Mars, past potentially habitable environments, returned samples, and future human exploration. This paper examines soil crusts on the floor of Jezero crater encountered during initial phases of the Mars 2020 mission. Soil surface crusts have been observed on Mars at other locations, starting with the two Viking Lander missions. Rover observations show that soil crusts are also common across the floor of Jezero crater, revealed in 45 of 101 locations where rover wheels disturbed the soil surface, 2 out of 7 helicopter flights that crossed the wheel tracks, and 4 of 8 abrasion/drilling sites. Most soils measured by the SuperCam laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument show high hydrogen content at the surface, and fine‐grained soils also show a visible/near infrared (VISIR) 1.9 µm H2O absorption feature. The Planetary Instrument for X‐ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) and SuperCam observations suggest the presence of salts at the surface of rocks and soils. The correlation of S and Cl contents with H contents in SuperCam LIBS measurements suggests that the salts present are likely hydrated. On the “Naltsos” target, magnesium and sulfur are correlated in PIXL measurements, and Mg is tightly correlated with H at the SuperCam points, suggesting hydrated Mg‐sulfates. Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) observations indicate possible frost events and potential changes in the hydration of Mg‐sulfate salts. Jezero crater soil crusts may therefore form by salts that are hydrated by changes in relative humidity and frost events, cementing the soil surface together.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

et al. 2023

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“…This family of sulfates has 20 stochiometric H 2 O, which might be challenging to stabilize in present Martian surface dry conditions. Dehydration experiments (e.g., Liu & Wang, 2015; Turenne et al., 2022; Wang & Ling, 2011) show that copiapites can remain stable for years in low humidity environments, that they can retain the narrow ∼0.43 μm and broad ∼0.86 μm absorptions even when converted to less hydrated phases, and that they are good buffers for relative humidity. Wang and Ling (2011) concluded that they can remain stable in the very near Martian subsurface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Iron Mineralogy and Redox Conditions Recorded in Ancient Rocks Measured by In Situ Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy at Jezero Crater, Mars

Mandon,

Ehlmann,

Wiens

et al. 2024

JGR Planets

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Using relative reflectance measurements from the Mastcam‐Z and SuperCam instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, we assess the variability of Fe mineralogy in Noachian/Hesperian‐aged rocks at Jezero crater. The results reveal diverse Fe3+ and Fe2+ minerals. The igneous crater floor, where small amounts of Fe3+‐phyllosilicates and poorly crystalline Fe3+‐oxyhydroxides have been reported, is spectrally similar to most oxidized basalts observed at Gusev crater. At the base of the western Jezero sedimentary fan, new spectral type points to an Fe‐bearing mineral assemblage likely dominated by Fe2+. By contrast, most strata exposed at the fan front show signatures of Fe3+‐oxides (mostly fine‐grained crystalline hematite), Fe3+‐sulfates (potentially copiapites), strong signatures of hydration, and among the strongest signatures of red hematite observed in situ, consistent with materials having experienced vigorous water‐rock interactions and/or higher degrees of diagenesis under oxidizing conditions. The fan top strata show hydration but little to no signs of Fe oxidation likely implying that some periods of fan construction occurred either during a reduced atmosphere era or during short‐lived aqueous activity of liquid water in contact with an oxidized atmosphere. We also report the discovery of alternating cm‐scale bands of red and gray layers correlated with hydration and oxide variability, which has not yet been observed elsewhere on Mars. This could result from syn‐depositional fluid chemistry variations, possibly as seasonal processes, or diagenetic overprint of oxidized fluids percolating through strata having variable permeability.

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“…All peaks are observed for all pressures comparatively. For all pressures, the reflectance declined again in the UV region [61]. It was observed that these ferrites showed high reflectivity in the energy zoon in which poor absorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that these ferrites showed high reflectivity in the energy zoon in which poor absorption. The decreasing trend of reflectivity is due to extensive fluctuations corresponding to 0–20 GPa pressure [61]. The peak intensity increased versus applied external pressure and peaks e shifted toward higher frequency (eV).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe₂O₄ (M = Ni, Fe, Co) spinel ferrites: A density functional theory study

Munawar

Hussain

Gouadria

et al. 2023

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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The structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe 2 O 4 (M = Ni, Fe, Co) ferrites were investigated by employing Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package code using density functional theory. LDA+U was used to investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe 2 O 4 (M = Ni, Fe, Co) ferrites at different pressures 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 GPa. The simulated X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of MFe 2 O 4 (M = Ni, Fe, Co) ferrites was investigated and the computed lat-

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Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to martian surface conditions: Implications for spectroscopy-based mineral detection on Mars

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

Variable Iron Mineralogy and Redox Conditions Recorded in Ancient Rocks Measured by In Situ Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy at Jezero Crater, Mars

Structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe₂O₄ (M = Ni, Fe, Co) spinel ferrites: A density functional theory study

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Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to martian surface conditions: Implications for spectroscopy-based mineral detection on Mars

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars

Variable Iron Mineralogy and Redox Conditions Recorded in Ancient Rocks Measured by In Situ Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy at Jezero Crater, Mars

Structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe2O4 (M = Ni, Fe, Co) spinel ferrites: A density functional theory study

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Structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MFe₂O₄ (M = Ni, Fe, Co) spinel ferrites: A density functional theory study