Spectral reflectance properties of black chrome for use as a solar selective coating

Mcdonald, G.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(75)90067-5

Cited by 177 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…78 Then, various spectrally selective surfaces, such as black chrome coatings, Ni-Al 2 O 3 cermet-based surfaces, Cr/Cr x O y /Cr 2 O 3 multilayer absorber coatings and paints including organic black carbon and inorganic pigment FeMnCuO x , were extensively investigated. [78][79][80][81][82][83][84] According to the film configuration and absorption mechanism, solar absorbers can be categorized into six types. 75 Among these types, most of the practically useful absorbers, including multilayer absorbers, cermet-based absorbers and textured surfaces, have metallic nanostructures.…”

Section: Metallic Nanostructure-enabled Selective Solar Absorbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…84 When the annealing temperature increased to 400 6 C, the amorphous Cr 2 O 3 phase became crystallized, and the phase further evolved to Cr 3 O 4 as the temperature increased to 500 6 C. 91 Optimized coatings exhibited long-term stability, with the samples remaining stable after years of operation at 300 6 C in air. The graded Cr-Cr 2 O 3 layers on Cu substrates exhibited a higher absorptance in the range of 0.90-0.94 and a lower emittance of 0.04.…”

Section: Multilayer Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices

et al. 2014

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Solar energy is abundant and environmentally friendly. Light trapping in solar-energy-harvesting devices or structures is of critical importance. This article reviews light trapping with metallic nanostructures for thin film solar cells and selective solar absorbers. The metallic nanostructures can either be used in reducing material thickness and device cost or in improving light absorbance and thereby improving conversion efficiency. The metallic nanostructures can contribute to light trapping by scattering and increasing the path length of light, by generating strong electromagnetic field in the active layer, or by multiple reflections/absorptions. We have also discussed the adverse effect of metallic nanostructures and how to solve these problems and take full advantage of the light-trapping effect. INTRODUCTIONThe conversion of solar energy to electricity or heat might be the ultimate means to help solve the energy crisis when hydrocarbon resources such as coal and other fossil fuels cannot satisfy the energy demand. Solar energy is abundant, ,5000 times our current power consumption.1 The use of solar energy can also reduce the environmental problems caused by the consumption of fossil fuels by reducing dusts, noxious gases and greenhouse gases, as well as the resulting haze, acid rain and global warming. To date, the worldwide installed capacity of solar harvesting devices is ,60 GW in electric energy and ,300 GW in thermal energy, 2 with an annual rapid increase. For the existing technology, there is room for further improvement by either enhancing the light absorption or avoiding loss of electricity or heat after absorption. Recently, new advances in nanotechnology and material fabrication methods have resulted in an emerging field of plasmonics by properly introducing metallic nanostructures to manipulate light, enabling light trapping in active layers and thereby enhancing the performance of energy-harvesting devices.3 In addition, certain highly absorbing surfaces or structures with broadband absorption promising to extend the working wavelength of the solar energy spectrum (Figure 1) have been realized. The light-trapping effect, however, allows the thickness of materials and the costs of solar cells to decrease, which in turn benefits electricity collection when the minor carrier diffusion length in the active layer is not sufficiently long.In this review, we focus on light trapping induced by metallic nanostructures for solar energy collection. Corresponding applications are not only for photovoltaics, but also for solar thermal. In fact, solar thermal has a market with profit even higher than photovoltaics, yet

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Section: Metallic Nanostructure-enabled Selective Solar Absorbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multilayer Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices

et al. 2014

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“…The higher the selectivity value, the better the thermodynamical efficiency of the solar energy collectors [1]. Other necessary properties of a practical solar selective coating are ease and availability of application, low cost and long-term durability under solar radiation [5]. Black chrome is one of the most commonly used solar selective coatings in solar collector systems for the efficient conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Black Chrome Films Prepared by Electroplating Technique

Jafari

Rozati

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Abstract:The surface and optical properties of black chrome films prepared by two different electrochemical baths were characterized. The black chrome films have been deposited on bright nickel substrates by electroplating technique. The surface morphology and phase structure of the films were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The chemical composition of prepared films was determined by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). The spectral reflectance was also measured in the UV-Vis-NIR and IR regions. From the SEM analysis, it was found that prepared films by the first chemical bath is denser with nano size grains and by the second chemical bath they become porous, with micro sized grains. The XRD results show that in both cases chrome is the main chemical component in the films. The films prepared by second chemical bath have better optical properties than the films prepared by first chemical bath.

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“…Black chrome coatings show a slightly lower sunlight absorption in comparison with black nickel (a z 0.90 ÷ 0.92; ε z 0.10 ÷ 0.15) but they remain stable up to 300 C [13]. However, a relevant drawback correlated to chrome electrodeposition is represented by pollution derived from Cr 6þ ions [14,15]. Because of that, the technological development of these processes underwent a sharp slowdown since '90 [16e18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and optical properties of copper-coated substrates for solar thermal absorbers

Pratesi

Lucia

Meucci

et al. 2016

Superlattices and Microstructures

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a b s t r a c tSpectral selectivity, i.e. merging a high absorbance at sunlight wavelengths to a low emittance at the wavelengths of thermal spectrum, is a key characteristics for materials to be used for solar thermal receivers. It is known that spectrally selective absorbers can raise the receiver efficiency for all solar thermal technologies. Tubular sunlight receivers for parabolic trough collector (PTC) systems can be improved by the use of spectrally selective coatings. Their absorbance is increased by deposing black films, while the thermal emittance is minimized by the use of properly-prepared substrates. In this work we describe the intermediate step in the fabrication of black-chrome coated solar absorbers, namely the fabrication and characterization of copper coatings on previously nickel-plated stainless steel substrates. We investigate the copper surface features and optical properties, correlating them to the coating thickness and to the deposition process, in the perspective to assess optimal conditions for solar absorber applications.

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Spectral reflectance properties of black chrome for use as a solar selective coating

Cited by 177 publications

References 1 publication

Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices

Metallic nanostructures for light trapping in energy-harvesting devices

Characterization of Black Chrome Films Prepared by Electroplating Technique

Structural and optical properties of copper-coated substrates for solar thermal absorbers

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