Spectral redundancy: Intelligibility of sentences heard through narrow spectral slits

Warren, Richard M.; Riener, Keri R.; Bashford, James A.; Brubaker, Bradley S.

doi:10.3758/bf03206503

Cited by 126 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5-1997, 1997͒, these interactions among the various frequency bands are lost. Nevertheless, speech communication is remarkably robust for normal-hearing listeners and does not have to be broadband to be highly intelligible ͑Allen, 1994; Warren et al, 1995;Lippmann, 1996;Stickney and Assmann, 2000͒. Steeneken and Houtgast ͑1999, 2002͒ implemented a frequencydependent redundancy correction factor to the STI model, which accounts for synergetic and redundant interactions.…”

Section: F Other Extensions To the Sii Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Speech Intelligibility Index-based approach to predict the speech reception threshold for sentences in fluctuating noise for normal-hearing listeners

Rhebergen

Versfeld

2005

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

246

184

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The SII model in its present form (ANSI S3.5-1997, American National Standards Institute, New York) can accurately describe intelligibility for speech in stationary noise but fails to do so for nonstationary noise maskers. Here, an extension to the SII model is proposed with the aim to predict the speech intelligibility in both stationary and fluctuating noise. The basic principle of the present approach is that both speech and noise signal are partitioned into small time frames. Within each time frame the conventional SII is determined, yielding the speech information available to the listener at that time frame. Next, the SII values of these time frames are averaged, resulting in the SII for that particular condition. Using speech reception threshold (SRT) data from the literature, the extension to the present SII model can give a good account for SRTs in stationary noise, fluctuating speech noise, interrupted noise, and multiple-talker noise. The predictions for sinusoidally intensity modulated (SIM) noise and real speech or speech-like maskers are better than with the original SII model, but are still not accurate. For the latter type of maskers, informational masking may play a role.

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Section: F Other Extensions To the Sii Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Speech Intelligibility Index-based approach to predict the speech reception threshold for sentences in fluctuating noise for normal-hearing listeners

Rhebergen

Versfeld

2005

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

246

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The high intelligibility of narrowband speech reported by Warren et al (1995) was verified by Stickney and Assmann (1997) using high-predictable SPIN (Speech Perception in Noise) sentences. However, they also observed substantially lower intelligibility for keywords in low-predictable SPIN sentences and observed a further large decrease for keywords excised from the sentences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Abstract Warren et al (1995) reported over 90% intelligibility for everyday sentences reduced to a 1/3-octave band (center frequency 1,500 Hz, slopes 100 dB/octave, slow-rms peak levels 75 dB). To investigate the basis of this high intelligibility, Warren and Bashford (1999) partitioned the sentences.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of passband and filter skirts to the intelligibility of bandpass speech: Some effects of context and amplitude

Bashford

Warren

Lenz

2000

Acoustics Research Letters Online

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Warren et al. (1995) reported over 90% intelligibility for everyday sentences reduced to a 1/3-octave band (center frequency 1,500 Hz, slopes 100 dB/octave, slow-rms peak levels 75 dB). To investigate the basis of this high intelligibility, Warren and Bashford (1999) partitioned the sentences. Surprisingly, the rectangular 1/3-octave passband had only 24% intelligibility, whereas the filter skirts separated by a 1/3-octave notch had an intelligibility of 83%, despite their severe spectral tilts. Experiment 1 of the present study substituted monosyllabic words for sentences. Wholeband intelligibility was 26%, the passband 4%, and the filter skirts 16%. Experiment 2 measured intelligibility for 1/3-octave sentences having peak levels ranging from 85 down to 35 dB. Whole band intelligibility ranged from 90% to 68%, and the filter skirt pairs had from two to four times the passband's intelligibility (which did not vary significantly with level). Hence, steep (100 dB/octave) filter skirts make the dominant contribution to intelligibility of nominally 1/3-octave speech across a wide range of presentation levels.

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“…This accuracy cannot be simply inferred from high sentence intelligibility, because it is known that sentences contain a multitude of redundant cues, and that they can retain high intelligibility when many of these cues are distorted or missing (e.g., Shannon et al, 1995;Warren et al, 1995;Stickney and Assmann, 2001). One technique that has been used to assess classification accuracy of an estimated mask involves an acoustic analysis of hit minus false-alarm rate (HITÀFA), where HIT denotes the percentage of speech-dominant T-F units correctly classified, and FA denotes the percentage of noise-dominant units incorrectly classified (Kim et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech-cue transmission by an algorithm to increase consonant recognition in noise for hearing-impaired listeners

Healy

Yoho

Wang

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Consonant recognition was assessed following extraction of speech from noise using a more efficient version of the speech-segregation algorithm described in Healy, Yoho, Wang, and Wang [(2013) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 3029-3038]. Substantial increases in recognition were observed following algorithm processing, which were significantly larger for hearing-impaired (HI) than for normalhearing (NH) listeners in both speech-shaped noise and babble backgrounds. As observed previously for sentence recognition, older HI listeners having access to the algorithm performed as well or better than young NH listeners in conditions of identical noise. It was also found that the binary masks estimated by the algorithm transmitted speech features to listeners in a fashion highly similar to that of the ideal binary mask (IBM), suggesting that the algorithm is estimating the IBM with substantial accuracy. Further, the speech features associated with voicing, manner of articulation, and place of articulation were all transmitted with relative uniformity and at relatively high levels, indicating that the algorithm and the IBM transmit speech cues without obvious deficiency. Because the current implementation of the algorithm is much more efficient, it should be more amenable to real-time implementation in devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants.

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Spectral redundancy: Intelligibility of sentences heard through narrow spectral slits

Cited by 126 publications

References 22 publications

A Speech Intelligibility Index-based approach to predict the speech reception threshold for sentences in fluctuating noise for normal-hearing listeners

A Speech Intelligibility Index-based approach to predict the speech reception threshold for sentences in fluctuating noise for normal-hearing listeners

Relative contributions of passband and filter skirts to the intelligibility of bandpass speech: Some effects of context and amplitude

Speech-cue transmission by an algorithm to increase consonant recognition in noise for hearing-impaired listeners

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