Spectral quality influence of light during development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in regulating seed germination

Hayes, Rebecca Gettens; Klein, William H.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075049

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the light environment, germination is known to depend on multiple variables including temperature, length of seed dormancy, cold treatment during tlormancy, and light conditions during seed maturation (Hayes and Klein, 1974;Derkx and Karssen, 1993). Therefore, we confirmed these germination results by studying germination in populations segregating for the phyA or phyB mutations (see "Material:; and Methods").…”

Section: Phenotypes Caused By Loss Of Phyamentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Far-red light pushes the phytochrome photoequilibrium toward the redlight-absorbing form, and therefore (for stable phytochromes) far-red light should mimic the effect of a loss-of-function phytochrome mutation. Earlier data on reversibility (inhibition) of germination by far-red light were interpreted as indicating inactivation of phytochrome by conversion to Pr (Shropshire et al, 1961;McCullough and Shropshire, 1970;Hayes and Klein, 1974;Cone and Kendrick, 1985). However, we have found that for germination of a p h y A mutant, and to a lesser extent the wild type, the phyB nu11 mutation actually compensates for the apparent inhibitory effect of far-red light on germination.…”

Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochrome A and Phytochrome B Have Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Arabidopsis Development

et al. 1994

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Plant responses to red and far-red light are mediated by a family of photoreceptors called phytochromes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are genes encoding at least five phytochromes, and it is of interest to learn if the different phytochromes have overlapping or distinct functions. To address this question for two of the phytochromes in Arabidopsis, we have compared light responses of the wild type with those of a phyA null mutant, a phyB null mutant, and a phyA phyB double mutant. We have found that both phyA and phyB mutants have a deficiency in germination, the phyA mutant in far-red light and the phyB mutant in the dark. Furthermore, the germination defect caused by the phyA mutation in farred light could be suppressed by a phyB mutation, suggesting that phytochrome B (PHYB) can have an inhibitory as well as a stimulatory effect on germination. In red light, the phyA phyB double mutant, but neither single mutant, had poorly developed cotyledons, as well as reduced red-light induction of CAB gene expression and potentiation of chlorophyll induction. The phyA mutant was deficient in sensing a flowering response indudive photoperiod, suggesting that PHYA participates in sensing daylength. In contrast, the phyB mutant flowered earlier than the wild type (and the phyA mutant) under all photoperiods tested, but responded to an inductive photoperiod. Thus, PHYA and PHYB appear to have complementary fundions in controlling germination, seedling development, and flowering. We discuss the implications of these results for possible mechanisms of PHYA and PHYB signal transduction.

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Section: Phenotypes Caused By Loss Of Phyamentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochrome A and Phytochrome B Have Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Arabidopsis Development

et al. 1994

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“…To eliminate the effect of phytochrome to study temperature regulation of GA biosynthesis, wild-type seeds were imbibed in the dark, irradiated with an FR light pulse, and then incubated in the dark for 48 h at 22 or 48C (Figure 2A). The FR pulse treatment is necessary to inactivate phytochrome that is stored in dry seeds in the active form (Hayes and Klein, 1974). Under the light condition given in Figure 2A, wild-type seeds do not germinate at both temperatures (up to 96 h).…”

Section: Some Ga Biosynthesis Genes Are Responsive To Low Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Response Pathways by Low Temperature during Imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds[W]

et al. 2004

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Exposure of imbibed seeds to low temperature (typically 48 8C) is widely used to break seed dormancy and to improve the frequency of germination. However, the mechanism by which temperature accelerates germination is largely unknown. Using DNA microarray and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we found that a subset of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes were upregulated in response to low temperature, resulting in an increase in the level of bioactive GAs and transcript abundance of GA-inducible genes in imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Using a loss-of-function mutant, the cold-inducible GA biosynthesis gene, AtGA3ox1, was shown to play an essential role in mediating the effect of low temperature. Besides temperature, AtGA3ox1 also is positively regulated by active phytochrome and negatively regulated by GA activity. We show that both red light and GA deficiency act in addition to low temperature to elevate the level of AtGA3ox1 transcript, indicating that multiple signals are integrated by the AtGA3ox1 gene to control seed germination. When induced by low temperature, AtGA3ox1 mRNA was detectable by in situ RNA hybridization in an additional set of cell types relative to that in red light-induced seeds. Our results illustrate that the GA biosynthesis and response pathways are activated during seed imbibition at low temperature and suggest that the cellular distribution of bioactive GAs may be altered under different light and temperature conditions.

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“…The ability of plants to sense the environment also provides them with some ability to respond to that environment in ways that can alter their exposure to it (Donohue 2003). Plastic environmental cueing of germination can be a precise mechanism of habitat selection in plants that can determine both biotic and abiotic conditions that germinants experience (McCullough and Shropshire 1970;Hayes and Klein 1974;Evans and Cabin 1995;Gutterman 2000; reviewed in Baskin and Baskin 1998).Germination responses to cues that predict season, in particular, have the potential to influence the environment experienced by young germinants and also by adult plants. For example, in winter annuals germination responses to warm after-ripening followed by a brief cold period would indicate autumn conditions in a temperate climate (Baskin and Baskin 1972Baskin et al 1992;Galloway 2001Galloway , 2002.…”

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Niche Construction Through Germination Cueing: Life-History Responses to Timing of Germination in Arabidopsis Thaliana

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Germination responses to seasonal conditions determine the environment experienced by postgermination life stages, and this ability has potential consequences for the evolution of plant life histories. Using recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, we tested whether life-history characters exhibited plasticity to germination timing, whether germination timing influenced the strength and mode of natural selection on life-history traits, and whether germination timing influenced the expression of genetic variation for life-history traits. Adult life-history traits exhibited strong plasticity to season of germination, and season of germination significantly altered the strength, mode, and even direction of selection on life-history traits under some conditions. None of the average plastic responses to season of germination or season of dispersal were adaptive, although some genotypes within our sample did exhibit adaptive responses. Thus, recombination between inbred lineages created some novel adaptive genotypes with improved responses to the seasonal timing of germination under some, but not all, conditions. Genetically based variation in germination time tended to augment genetic variances of adult life-history traits, but it did not increase the heritabilities because it also increased environmentally induced variance. Under some conditions, plasticity of life-history traits in response to genetically variable germination timing actually obscured genetic variation for those traits. Therefore, the evolution of germination responses can influence the evolution of life histories in a general manner by altering natural selection on life-history traits and the genetic variation of these traits.Key words. Dormancy, maternal effects, natural selection, phenotypic plasticity, seasonal cues.Received October 25, 2004. Accepted January 16, 2005 The timing of seed germination is highly responsive to environmental conditions. For a seed to germinate, certain environmental conditions must be present to break dormancy, and additional environmental conditions must exist subsequently to permit germination (Simpson 1990;Bewley 1997;Baskin and Baskin 1998). The timing of germination can therefore be a precise mechanism of habitat selection or niche construction that determines the environment experienced by the plant (Donohue 2003(Donohue , 2005. If the environmental conditions that elicit germination accurately predict the environment experienced by adults, germination behavior has the potential to influence the environment experienced by the plant throughout its life. It can thereby influence the phenotypic expression of plastic postgermination characters and the mode and strength of natural selection on those characters (Donohue 2002).Niche construction occurs when organisms alter the environment they experience (Odling-Smee et al. 1996), either through direct habitat modification, habitat choice, or resource garnering and depletion (Bazzaz 1991; de Kroon and Hutchins 1995;Huber et al. 1999). The environme...

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Spectral quality influence of light during development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in regulating seed germination

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Phytochrome A and Phytochrome B Have Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Arabidopsis Development

Phytochrome A and Phytochrome B Have Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Arabidopsis Development

Activation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Response Pathways by Low Temperature during Imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds[W]

Niche Construction Through Germination Cueing: Life-History Responses to Timing of Germination in Arabidopsis Thaliana

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