Spectral Processing in Auditory Cortex

Schreiner, Christoph E.; Froemke, Robert C.; Atencio, Craig A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_13

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…On average, 31.0 ± 4.4% of GCaMP6s-expressing pyramidal cells (n = 1480 cells, 16 imaging fields, 8 mice) revealed increases in activity (measured as dF/F) in response to at least one frequency. Consistent with previous studies of A1 (Rothschild et al, 2010; Schreiner et al, 2010; Sutter, 2000), 42% of responsive L2/3 pyramidal cells (n = 550) displayed “V-shaped” tonal receptive fields (TRFs, Figure 1B 3 ). To examine the spatial organization of tuning properties at the cellular level, we constructed activity maps representing the best frequencies of responsive cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Flexible Sensory Representations in Auditory Cortex Driven by Behavioral Relevance

Kato

Gillet

Isaacson

2015

Neuron

225

254

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SUMMARY Animals require the ability to ignore sensory stimuli that have no consequence, yet respond to the same stimuli when they become useful. However, the brain circuits that govern this flexibility in sensory processing are not well understood. Here we show in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) that daily passive sound exposure causes a long-lasting reduction in representations of the experienced sound by layer 2/3 pyramidal cells. This habituation arises locally in A1 and involves an enhancement in inhibition and selective upregulation in the activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM cells). Furthermore, when mice engage in sound-guided behavior, pyramidal cell excitatory responses to habituated sounds are enhanced while SOM cell responses are diminished. Together, our results demonstrate the bidirectional modulation of A1 sensory representations and suggest that SOM cells gate cortical information flow based on the behavioral relevance of the stimulus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Flexible Sensory Representations in Auditory Cortex Driven by Behavioral Relevance

Kato

Gillet

Isaacson

2015

Neuron

225

254

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“…In the cat, neurons responding to acoustic stimuli in caudal MGV compared with rostral MGV exhibited weaker excitatory activation, less precise time-locking to click trains, longer latencies, greater spiking jitter, and less strict tonotopic organization with wider tuning curves (Rodrigues-Dagaeff et al 1989). Consistent with these results, the caudal MGV has been shown to project mainly to ACC regions outside of A1 that can exhibit responses with longer latencies, greater spiking jitter, less excitatory activity, and less precise tonotopic organization compared with A1, which receives its inputs primarily from the rostral MGV (Morel and Imig 1987;Polley et al 2007;Rodrigues-Dagaeff et al 1989;Schreiner et al 2011;Storace et al 2010Storace et al , 2012.Although the anatomic and physiological evidence cited above supports a dual lemniscal organization, the hypothesis would be strengthened by evidence for a functional division of acoustic response properties within the ICC that correspond to the anatomic divisions shown within the ICC. A number of previous studies of the ICC have demonstrated regional differences in response properties such as best modulation frequency, threshold, and latency (Hage and Ehret 2003; Hattori and Suga 1997;Langner et al 2002;Portfors and Wenstrup 2001;Schreiner and Langner 1988;Stiebler 1986).…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

supporting

confidence: 61%

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Response features across the auditory midbrain reveal an organization consistent with a dual lemniscal pathway

Straka

Schmitz

Lim

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Straka MM, Schmitz S, Lim HH. Response features across the auditory midbrain reveal an organization consistent with a dual lemniscal pathway. J Neurophysiol 112: 981-998, 2014. First published May 14, 2014 doi:10.1152/jn.00008.2014.-The central auditory system has traditionally been divided into lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways leading from the midbrain through the thalamus to the cortex. This view has served as an organizing principle for studying, modeling, and understanding the encoding of sound within the brain. However, there is evidence that the lemniscal pathway could be further divided into at least two subpathways, each potentially coding for sound in different ways. We investigated whether such an interpretation is supported by the spatial distribution of response features in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), the part of the auditory midbrain assigned to the lemniscal pathway. We recorded responses to pure tone stimuli in the ICC of ketamine-xylazineanesthetized guinea pigs and used three-dimensional brain reconstruction techniques to map the location of the recording sites. Compared with neurons in caudal-and-medial regions within an isofrequency lamina of the ICC, neurons in rostral-and-lateral regions responded with shorter first-spike latencies with less spiking jitter, shorter durations of spiking responses, a higher proportion of spikes occurring near the onset of the stimulus, lower thresholds, and larger local field potentials with shorter latencies. Further analysis revealed two distinct clusters of response features located in either the caudal-and-medial or the rostral-and-lateral parts of the isofrequency laminae of the ICC. Thus we report substantial differences in coding properties in two regions of the ICC that are consistent with the hypothesis that the lemniscal pathway is made up of at least two distinct subpathways from the midbrain up to the cortex. functional organization; inferior colliculus; lemniscal; medial geniculate; auditory cortex THE ASCENDING AUDITORY PATHWAY has traditionally been separated into two pathways, the lemniscal "core" pathway and the nonlemniscal pathway (Andersen et al. 1980;Ehret and Romand 1997;Rauschecker and Romanski 2011;Rouiller 1997). The lemniscal pathway includes neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGV), and core auditory cortex regions (ACC). Neurons within the lemniscal pathway are tonotopically organized and primarily code for auditory information. Within the ICC and MGV, the tonotopicity derives from an arrangement of isofrequency laminae, where each lamina is a two-dimensional sheet formed by the dendritic arbors of neurons that respond optimally to similar "best frequencies" (Cetas et al. 2001;Imig and Morel 1985;Malmierca et al. 1993;Winer and Schreiner 2005). In contrast, neurons within the nonlemniscal pathway include regions outside of ICC, MGV, and ACC, have poor or no tonotopic organization, code for multimodal information, and are tho...

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“…The differences in coding properties between the rostral versus caudal MGV, demonstrated by Rodrigues-Dagaeff (1989) in cat and listed in Figure 9B, suggest that the rostral pathway is designed for stronger excitatory activation and more temporally and spectrally precise transmission of information up to higher centers. Many of these differences in coding properties between the dual pathways have also been shown in ACC (Phillips et al, 1995; Polley et al, 2007; Schreiner et al, 2011; Storace et al, 2012; Wallace et al, 2000) and more recently in ICC (Straka et al, 2014a), as listed in 9B.…”

Section: Animal and Human Studies Towards A Second Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 76%

Auditory midbrain implant: Research and development towards a second clinical trial

Lim¹,

Lenarz

2015

Hearing Research

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The cochlear implant is considered one of the most successful neural prostheses to date, which was made possible by visionaries who continued to develop the cochlear implant through multiple technological and clinical challenges. However, patients without a functional auditory nerve or implantable cochlea cannot benefit from a cochlear implant. The focus of the paper is to review the development and translation of a new type of central auditory prosthesis for this group of patients, which is known as the auditory midbrain implant (AMI) and is designed for electrical stimulation within the inferior colliculus. The rationale and results for the first AMI clinical study using a multi-site single-shank array will be presented initially. Although the AMI has achieved encouraging results in terms of safety and improvements in lip-reading capabilities and environmental awareness, it has not yet provided sufficient speech perception. Animal and human data will then be presented to show that a two-shank AMI array can potentially improve hearing performance by targeting specific neurons of the inferior colliculus. Modifications to the AMI array design, stimulation strategy, and surgical approach have been made that are expected to improve hearing performance in the patients implanted with a two-shank array in an upcoming clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health. Positive outcomes from this clinical trial will motivate new efforts and developments toward improving central auditory prostheses for those who cannot sufficiently benefit from cochlear implants.

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Spectral Processing in Auditory Cortex

Cited by 20 publications

References 303 publications

Flexible Sensory Representations in Auditory Cortex Driven by Behavioral Relevance

Flexible Sensory Representations in Auditory Cortex Driven by Behavioral Relevance

Response features across the auditory midbrain reveal an organization consistent with a dual lemniscal pathway

Auditory midbrain implant: Research and development towards a second clinical trial

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