Spectral Multiplexing of Fluorescent Endoscopy for Simultaneous Imaging with Multiple Fluorophores and Multiple Fields of View

Abstract

Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays to be shared between endoscopes. The presented system is characterized for resolution using USAF-1951 resolution test charts and for modulation transfer function using the slanted edge method. Imaging is demonstrated both directly and with microendoscopes attached. Imaging of phantoms was demonstrated by targeting USAF charts and fiber tissues dyed for FITC and Texas Red fluorescence. Afterwards, simultaneous liver and kidney imaging was demonstrated in mice expressing mitochondrial Dendra2 and injected with Texas Red-dextran. The results indicate that the system achieves high channel isolation and submicron and subcellular resolution, with resolution limited by the endoscopic probe and by physiological movement during endoscopic imaging. Multi-channel microendoscopy provides a potentially low-cost means of simultaneous multiple endoscopic imaging during biological experiments, resulting in reduced animal harm and potentially increasing insight into temporal connections between connected biological systems.

The role of optical fiber sensors in the new generation of healthcare devices: a review

“…4 shows a schematic representation of the optical circuit of Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, Sagnac, and Fabry-Pérot interferometers in optical fibers. Furthermore, by analyzing the modulation of the interference pattern for external perturbations, these techniques can be used in the monitoring of respiration, 102 the arterial pulse wave sensor, 103 the monitoring of human physiological activity 104 and the detection of thrombus, 105 as examples (shown in Fig. 4).…”

Recent Progress of Optical Imaging Approaches for Noncontact Physiological Signal Measurement: A Review

“…Hence, we can consider transforming the infrared cutoff filter in front of the camera lens that can be bought on the market, and then combining it with the light intensity detection sensor and near-infrared light lamp, the switch between RGB detection mode and near-infrared detection mode can be realized. [40,41] Multimodal imaging can provide extra information and build multimodal databases composed of multiple modalities to further assist in detecting emotion in facial expression recognition. Multiple modalities, such as facial expressions and physiological responses, show very promising results in understanding complicated human behavior.…”

“…Hence, we can consider transforming the infrared cutoff filter in front of the camera lens that can be bought on the market, and then combining it with the light intensity detection sensor and near‐infrared light lamp, the switch between RGB detection mode and near‐infrared detection mode can be realized. [ 40,41 ]…”