Spectral Doppler ultrasound of peripheral arteries: a pictorial review

Arterial Limb Trauma Ultrasonographic Assessment (ALTUA) in the emergency department: A pictorial essay

“…It is important to standardize the nomenclature of normal spectral patterns to identify vessel wall integrity in the absence of arterial injury versus abnormal spectral patterns for probable traumatic arterial limb lesion in patients with blunt, penetrating, or gunshot injuries evaluated in the emergency department. Three categories of spectral waves were defined in the ALTUA algorithm 14,15 : the triphasic pattern, which reflects normal vessel wall integrity in the absence of arterial injury; the highresistance biphasic pattern, which is associated with soft tissue edema without arterial vessel injury; and any other abnormal spectral pattern suggestive of a traumatic arterial injury of the extremities, which may be a low-resistance monophasic or biphasic, "tardus parvus" monophasic, obstructive, or bidirectional patterns due to AVF, hemorrhage, pseudoaneurysm, or traumatic thrombotic arterial obstruction. Identifying abnormal spectral patterns in patients with blunt, penetrating, or gunshot wounds with suspected arterial extremity injuries in the emergency department may avoid delays in deciding whether to perform CTA or surgical exploration.…”

AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Peripheral Arterial Ultrasound Examinations Using Color and Spectral Doppler Imaging

“…These patients could present with recognized clinical indicators, such as claudication, rest pain, ischemic tissue loss, aneurysm, and arterial embolization. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] 2. The monitoring of sites of previous surgical interventions, including sites of previous bypass surgery with either synthetic or autologous vein grafts.…”

“…The detection of stenoses or occlusions in segment(s) of the peripheral arteries in symptomatic patients with suspected arterial occlusive disease. These patients could present with recognized clinical indicators, such as claudication, rest pain, ischemic tissue loss, aneurysm, and arterial embolization 1–18 …”

Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of Patients with Popliteal Vascular Entrapment Syndrome

“…Repeated plantar flexion until the individual becomes symptomatic may be necessary to demonstrate occlusion. Popliteal artery with a peak systolic velocity ratio exceeding 200% indicates a positive result [5,6]. Careful assessment of both lower limbs was required to determine if the abnormality was bilateral.…”