Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with vasopressor exposure

Sander, Beata P.

doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.1878832

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM), which was first defined by Sarraf et al in 2013, is characterized by the presence of a hyperreflective band spanning the inner nuclear layer (INL) with subsequent permanent INL thinning [ 1 ]. It is being increasingly reported and demonstrated not to be a distinct entity but a common sign of several ocular diseases [ 2 ], uneventful ocular surgeries [ 3 , 4 ], or even systemic diseases [ 5 – 7 ]. Although its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, impaired perfusion through the retinal capillary system, leading to hypoperfusion or ischemia of the deep vascular complex (DVC), has been proven to play a major role [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in Eyes with Retinal Vascular Occlusion Diseases in Chinese Patients

Zhang

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aim. To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and its relationship with prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign in eyes with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a Chinese clinical setting. Methods. In this retrospective observational study from January 2015 to May 2020, multimodal imaging data of 807 eyes including 555 consecutive patients with RVO or 252 consecutive patients with RAO were reviewed. All patients were scanned using the spectrum-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and some of them underwent color fundus photography, fundus fluorescence angiography, en face OCT, and OCT angiography. Results. PAMM was detected in 49 eyes of 49 RAO patients and 29 eyes of 29 RVO patients. The mean ages at presentation were 64.49 ± 13.90 years and 54.00 ± 18.48 years in RAO and RVO patients ( P = 0.006 ), respectively. Eyes with RAO were more prone to develop PAMM (19.44% [49/252] vs. 5.23% [29/555]; P < 0.001 ). Of the 78 eyes with PAMM, 24 eyes (7 eyes with RVO and 17 eyes with RAO) were found with p-MLM sign. An interesting phenomenon that had been overlooked before was that the hyperreflective line of the p-MLM sign was usually continuous, regardless of the type of PAMM lesion. Conclusions. This series is the largest to date to describe the clinical characteristics of PAMM and p-MLM sign in Chinese patients. The incidence of PAMM and p-MLM sign in patients with RAO was relatively higher than that in patients with RVO. These signs alone probably represent milder ischemia and prompt us to carry out a comprehensive and meticulous examination to prevent the further development of the disease. In addition, the hyperreflective line of the p-MLM sign was usually continuous, which could support the totally venous nature of the retinal deep capillary plexus to some extent.

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