Spectral Discrimination Sensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanostructures: A Review

A method based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network for UV-vis spectrometric quantification of nitrate and COD in water under random turbidity disturbance scenario

“…This is due to the deviation from linearity in the absorption spectrum peak at high solute concentrations, which is caused by the CMOS image sensor showing different photoelectric conversion efficiencies at different light intensities and different wavelengths. 39 On the other hand, the CNN method learned the non-linear deviation in the absorption spectrum peak generated by the hardware system of the spectrometer from a large dataset and successfully corrected this deviation.…”

Electrically tunable two-dimensional heterojunctions for miniaturized near-infrared spectrometers

“…Most spectrometers are bulky and expensive due to their complex mechanical parts, including motorized optical gratings and interferometers 1 , 2 . Miniaturized spectrometers with a significant cost and footprint reduction are attractive for portable analytic tools, smart wearable devices etc 3 – 5 . There are two typical underlying strategies for compact spectrometers.…”

Monolithic Tandem Multicolor Image Sensor Based on Electrochromic Color‐Radix Demultiplexing

“…[ 1–6 ] The accompanying advancements in data processing and storage are testified by the increased capability of electronic devices to handle large amounts of data without distortions, signal aliasing, and/or downsampling of raw information. [ 7,8 ] In particular, electronic technologies for managing optical inputs, such as image sensors, optical communication systems, and optical switching devices, have been rigorously investigated with the aims of harnessing the full potential of their advanced temporal and spatial data processing capabilities and meeting the requirement of digitizing real‐world images. [ 9–15 ] Indeed, the performance of image sensor technology in terms of sensitivity, detectivity, color discrimination, and color accuracy has greatly benefited from the development of sophisticated device‐ and circuit‐level signal detection schemes.…”

“…In particular, a unit pixel of an image sensor should be composed of at least three types of photodetectors—those that detect red, green, and blue colors—to precisely identify the spatial and colorimetric distributions of colors in images. [ 7,8 ] Conventionally, high‐performance image sensors are composed of four photodetectors with color filters (two green, one red, and one blue) arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix as a unit cell. Various sequences of color filter arrays have therefore been developed to meet the requirement of accurate color estimations specific to target applications.…”