Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards

Smith, Paul

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1983.012.01.29

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Traverse, 2008 and references therein). The characteristic of palynomorphs to change colour with increasing temperature has enabled the development of powerful tools for identifying the thermal history of sedimentary basins (e.g., Batten, 1996;Marshall, 1991;Smith, 1983;Gray and Boucout, 1975). In order to evaluate the thermal maturity of sedimentary OM, several optical, physical and chemical maturity methods have been developed (Hartkopf-Fröder et al, 2015 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic optical methods such as the Thermal Alteration Index (TAI; Staplin, 1969), Spore Color Index (SCI; Smith, 1983), Acritarch Alteration Index (AAI; Williams et al, 1998: Legall et al, 1981 are based on the sensitivity of palynomorph colour to evolve progressively in response to increasing temperature in the lower range of thermal maturity (Marshall, 1991). These approaches are based on the visual inspection of a selected class of palynomorphs to determine their alteration index that can then be correlated with other indicators such as vitrinite reflectance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) to assess the thermal maturity of palynomorphs: A case study from North Africa

Spina

Vecoli

Riboulleau

et al. 2018

International Journal of Coal Geology

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This study focuses on the thermal maturity assessment of Silurian-Devonian sediments from the Ghadamis Basin, North Africa, comparing optical and geochemical analyses of palynomorphs. In southern Tunisia, the investigated subsurface cored section comprises the Argiles Principales Formation of Silurian age. In Libya, the succession studied covers the Awaynat Wanin III and IV formations, assigned to the Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian).Geochemical approaches used to reconstruct thermal alteration of sediments necessitate advanced, relatively expensive analytical techniques. In this study, the effectiveness of the less costly, relatively simple approaches of visually assessing palynomorph colour to determine thermal alteration (i.e., SCI: Spore Colour Index, TAI: Thermal Alteration Index and PDI: Palynomorph Darkness Index) was evaluated.SCI and TAI are qualitative methods, strictly related to the operator's perception, which use ten and five point scales respectively, to characterize colour in terms of illustrated specimens and/or descriptions. In contrast, PDI is obtained from the measurement of the red, green and blue (RGB) intensities of light transmitted through palynomorphs, using standard optical microscopes and digital cameras.The palynomorph-based thermal alteration estimates were compared to Rock-Eval pyrolysis data from the same samples. This calibration showed a linear relationship between these quantitative parameters and PDI. These results show that PDI is more reliable than the SCI and TAI methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) to assess the thermal maturity of palynomorphs: A case study from North Africa

Spina

Vecoli

Riboulleau

et al. 2018

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…Barnard et al (1976) developed the Spore Color Index (SCI) on a scale of 1 to 10. Smith (1983) correlated the TAI and SCI scales.…”

Section: Kerogen Type and Maturitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Potential of the Upper Cretaceous Succession at Well 16/U‐1, Onshore Qamar Basin, Eastern Yemen

Alaug

2010

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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An Upper Cretaceous succession has been penetrated at onshore well 16/U‐1 in the Qamar Basin, eastern Republic of Yemen. The succession comprises the Mukalla and Dabut Formations which are composed of argillaceous carbonates and sandstones with coal layers, and TOC contents range up to 80%. The average TOC of the Mukalla Formation (24%) is higher than that of the Dabut Formation (1%). The Mukalla Formation has a Rock‐Eval Tmax of 439–454 °C and an HI of up to 374 mgHC/gTOC, pointing to kerogen Types II and III. The Dabut Formation mainly contains kerogen Type III with a Tmax of 427–456°C and HI of up to 152 mgHC/gTOC. Vitrinite reflectance values ranging between 0.3 and 1.0% and thermal alteration index values between 3 and 6 indicate thermal maturities sufficient for hydrocarbon generation. Three palynofacies types were identified representing marine, fluvial‐deltaic and marginal‐marine environments during the deposition of the Mukalla and Dabut Formations in the late Santonian — early Maastrichtian.

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“…Many optical methods based on palynomorphs' color sensitivity and their progressive evolution with increasing temperature in the lower range of thermal maturity were proposed in the palynological literature in the last decades (e.g., [41]) and have been reviewed by Hartkopf-Fröder et al [42]. Some of the most commonly used schemes are Thermal Alteration Index (TAI [43,44]), Spore Color Index (SCI [41][42][43][44][45]) and Acritarch Alteration Index (AAI [46]). Goodhue and Clayton [47] suggested a quantitative method for the assessment of thermal maturity of OM, based on simple digital image analysis (Palynomorph Darkness Index-PDI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the thermal maturity of Permian deposits from the Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran, employing both optical methods (Thermal Alteration Index, Palynomorph Darkness Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, UV Fluorescence) and geochemical analyses of organic matter (Rock Eval Pyrolysis and MicroRaman spectroscopy) applied to the Faraghan Formation along two investigated Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan surface sections. Furthermore, an integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis was carried out in order to integrate the few studies on the depositional environment. The Faraghan Formation, which is widely distributed in the Zagros area, generally consists of shale intercalated with sandstones and pebble conglomerates in the lower part, followed by a succession of sandstone, siltstone and shaly intercalations and with carbonate levels at the top. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies data confirm a coastal depositional setting evolving upwards to a shallow marine carbonate environment upwards. Rock Eval Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance analysis showed that the organic matter from samples of the Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan sections fall in the mature to postmature range with respect to the oil to gas generation window, restricting the thermal maturity range proposed by previous authors. Similar results were obtained with MicroRaman spectroscopy and optical analysis such as Thermal Alteration Index and UV Fluorescence. Palynomorph Darkness Index values were compared with Rock Eval Pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance values and discussed for the first time in the late stage of oil generation.

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Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Application of Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) to assess the thermal maturity of palynomorphs: A case study from North Africa

Application of Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) to assess the thermal maturity of palynomorphs: A case study from North Africa

Hydrocarbon Potential of the Upper Cretaceous Succession at Well 16/U‐1, Onshore Qamar Basin, Eastern Yemen

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

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