Spectral characterization and quantification of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores by Fourier transformed infrared with attenuated total reflectance

The Aggressiveness of Asian Rust

“…Infected plants with Asian rust present early defoliation, compromising the formation and filling of pods, reducing the final weight of the grains (Silva et al, 2021). 5 The disease evolution and final severity in cultivars vary depending on the sowing date. When sowing is done early, the infection tends to start at the seed formation stage, with greater severity at the end of the cultivar cycle.…”

“…Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important diseases of the soybean crop today, due to the great potential for losses in productivity that it can cause, and can occur at any phenological stage of the crop (Silva et al, 2021). 5 The symptoms caused by Asian rust start on the lower leaves of the plant and are characterized by tiny spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter), darker than the healthy leaf tissue, with a greenish to greenish gray coloration. These lesions, originating from the initial phase of the infection, correspond to the formation of a protuberance, called uredia (reproductive structures of the fungus), which appear as small bumps in the lesion (Hossain et al, 2018).…”

“…The uredospores, initially hyaline (crystalline) in color, turn beige and accumulate around the pores or are carried by the Wind (Silva et al, 2021). 5 As sporulation proceeds, the leaf tissue around the first uredia becomes light brown ("TAN" type lesion) to reddish-brown ("reddish-brown" type lesion -RB), forming the lesions that are easily visible on both sides of the sheet. Uredia that ceased to sporulate present pustules clearly with open pores, which allows them to be distinguished from bacterial pustules, which have often been confused with rust (Fantin et al, 2019).…”

“…5 As sporulation proceeds, the leaf tissue around the first uredia becomes light brown ("TAN" type lesion) to reddish-brown ("reddish-brown" type lesion -RB), forming the lesions that are easily visible on both sides of the sheet. Uredia that ceased to sporulate present pustules clearly with open pores, which allows them to be distinguished from bacterial pustules, which have often been confused with rust (Fantin et al, 2019). 1 From an initial infection, it is estimated that the first generation of pustules can maintain sporulation for up to 15 weeks, even under low humidity conditions.…”

Detection and identification of fungal growth on freeze‐dried Agaricus bisporus using spectra and olfactory sensors

“…Furthermore, Fantin et al . proved that attenuated total reflection – Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy in the MIR range enables the characterization and quantification of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Brazilian soybeans . An electronic nose (E‐nose) can collect volatile compounds from microbial metabolisms and can produce fingerprints to identify products contaminated by microbial growth .…”