Spectral changes associated with transmission of OLED emission through human skin

Yambem, Soniya D.; Brooks-Richards, Trent L; Forrestal, David P.; Kielar, Marcin; Sah, Pankaj; Pandey, Ajay K.; Woodruff, Maria A.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45867-9

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, Barium (Ba) and Silver (Ag) were chosen to match the LUMO level of PC 71 BM and improve electron transfer. The above electrodes and interlayers have been previously successfully used by our group for fabricating OPDs, 58,59 and OLEDs 60 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile aza‐BODIPY‐based low‐bandgap conjugated small molecule for light harvesting and near‐infrared photodetection

Bhat

Kielar

Rao

et al. 2022

InfoMat

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The versatile nature of organic conjugated materials renders their flawless integration into a diverse family of optoelectronic devices with light-harvesting, photodetection, or light-emitting capabilities. Classes of materials that offer the possibilities of two or more distinct optoelectronic functions are particularly attractive as they enable smart applications while providing the benefits of the ease of fabrication using low-cost processes. Here, we develop a novel, multipurpose conjugated small molecule by combining boron-azadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) as electron acceptor with triphenylamine (TPA) as end-capping donor units. The implemented donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) configuration, in the form of TPA-azaBODIPY-TPA, preserves ideal charge transfer characteristics with appropriate excitation energy levels, with the additional ability to be used as either a charge transporting interlayer or light-sensing semiconducting layer in optoelectronic devices. To demonstrate its versatility, we first show that TPA-azaBODIPY-TPA can act as an excellent hole transport layer in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 )-based perovskite solar cells with measured power conversion efficiencies exceeding 17%, outperforming control solar cells with PEDOT:PSS by nearly 60%. Furthermore, the optical bandgap of 1.49 eV is shown to provide significant photodetection in the wavelength range of up to 800 nm where TPA-azaBODIPY-TPA functions as donor in

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile aza‐BODIPY‐based low‐bandgap conjugated small molecule for light harvesting and near‐infrared photodetection

Bhat

Kielar

Rao

et al. 2022

InfoMat

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“…The devices were encapsulated using customized glass caps and UV curable epoxy (NOA 61, Norland Products). Optimization steps of Super Yellow OLEDs can be found in our previous studies. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimization steps of Super Yellow OLEDs can be found in our previous studies. 41,55 Current density, voltage and luminance characteristics were recorded using a Keithley 2604B dual channel source measure unit, a luminance meter (CS-200, Konica Minolta), and a calibrated silicon diode (BPX 61, Osram). The electroluminescence spectra of the devices were recorded using a UV−vis spectrometer (USB4000, Ocean Optics).…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic Stimulation and Spatial Localization of Neurons Using a Multi-OLED Approach

et al. 2022

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Mapping neurons in the brain with micron-resolution is important to understand the neuronal circuits involved in cognitive function and their impairment in neurological diseases. Although current optogenetic tools allow fast activation and inhibition of neuronal activity, they require the use of lasers or LEDs optically coupled to large implants, resulting in poor spatial resolution and light delivery occurring in only one plane. Here, we experimentally test and model the radiation patterns of a simple yet thoroughly designed multi-OLED system to predict the location of a single neuron based on its OLED-evoked response amplitude. Highly simplified OLED pixels based on Super Yellow with an emissive area of 1.5 × 3.5 mm2 were optimized to deliver a light intensity of 38 μW mm–2 at the neuron level. Investigated neurons expressing a red-shifted light-sensitive opsin Chrimson showed a robust neural response up to 16.7 pA that was time-locked to the light stimulation. Critically, the applied model to predict the neuron’s location based on the electrophysiological response amplitude matched the observed location with an error below 80 μm. Taken together, this proof-of-principle study demonstrates that a simple OLED system can be used to stimulate and locate neuronal activity, with the prospect to extend this approach to more advanced geometries in vivo.

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“…Finally, we note that light undergoes scattering and absorption in tissue, which not only leads to a reduction of the signal (with long wavelengths penetrating deeper into tissue) but as a result of the wavelength‐dependent penetration depth also causes spectral broadening, with the strength of broadening increasing with increasing spectral width of the OLED electroluminescence. [ 208 ] Hence, on‐skin applications requiring narrow spectra or bi‐color excitation need to take this into consideration when designing OLEDs with suitable emission spectra.…”

Section: Emerging Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Murawski

Gather

2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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As solid‐state light sources based on amorphous organic semiconductors, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely used in modern smartphone displays and TVs. Due to the dramatic improvements in stability, efficiency, and brightness achieved over the last three decades, OLEDs have also become attractive light sources for compact and “imperceptible” biomedical devices that use light to probe, image, manipulate, or treat biological matter. The inherent mechanical flexibility of OLEDs and their compatibility with a wide range of substrates and geometries are of particular benefit in this context. Here, recent progress in the development and use of OLEDs for biomedical applications is reviewed. The specific requirements that this poses are described and compared to the current state of the art, in particular in terms of the brightness, patterning, stability, and encapsulation of OLEDs. Examples from several main areas are then discussed in some detail: on‐chip sensing and integration with microfluidics, wearable devices for optical monitoring, therapeutic devices, and the emerging use in neuroscience for targeted photostimulation via optogenetics. The review closes with a brief outlook on future avenues to scale the manufacturing of OLED‐based devices for biomedical use.

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Spectral changes associated with transmission of OLED emission through human skin

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Versatile aza‐BODIPY‐based low‐bandgap conjugated small molecule for light harvesting and near‐infrared photodetection

Versatile aza‐BODIPY‐based low‐bandgap conjugated small molecule for light harvesting and near‐infrared photodetection

Optogenetic Stimulation and Spatial Localization of Neurons Using a Multi-OLED Approach

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

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