“…But given this, many studies have found very poor performance by late L2 learners on determiners (Bialystok & Miller, 1999;Flege et al, 1999;Johnson & Newport, 1989;McDonald, 2000), and plurals (Bialystok & Miller, 1999;Flege et al, 1999;Johnson & Newport, 1989;McDonald, 2000), and some studies have found poor performance on past tense (Johnson & Newport, 1989), and agreement (verb agreement : Jiang, 2004;McDonald, 2000; gender agreement: Scherag et al, 2004). Studies of stressed native speakers also show difficulties with some of these structures-for example, verb agreement appears to be susceptible to stress of all three types (Blackwell & Bates, 1995;Dick et al, 2003;Kilborn, 1991), and number agreement (i.e., plurality) suffers under memory load stress (Blackwell & Bates, 1995).…”