Spectra of chromium ions and influence of γ-irradiation in ruby

Electronic structure and dynamics of ordered clusters with ME or RE ions on oxide surface

“…In the g-or electron-irradiated ruby (at doses higher than 10 2 Gy), the following additional optical bands appear in the absorption spectra at 217, 260, 360 and 460 nm [9]. Comparison in the theoretical data in Table 1 with experimental ones permits to attribute the additional bands at 217, 360 and 460 nm to the Cr 4 + ion in an octahedral environment.…”

“…Calculated results for Cr 3 + ion in Cr 3 + :[O 2 À ] 6 cluster are plotted in Refs. [9,18]. Total energy E and average radius of 3d shell for the ion in the cluster are increasing comparatively to the free ion values.…”

“…For this purpose, we proposed an effective method based on the valence shift of X-ray lines related to change of oxidation state of an ion called valence shift of X-ray lines, VSXRL. This method was used for investigation of radiation and structural defects in crystals and during study of nanostructures, too [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Data presented in Refs.…”

“…The Hartree-Fock-Pauli, HFP, method and Heitler-London, HL, approximation have been used as basis in this approach (see Refs. [9][10][11][12][13]). The self-consistent field theory for clusters permits to calculate the wave functions for the ground and exited electron configurations and to simulate the physical properties of clusters and solids.…”

Impurity Nuclear Spin–Lattice Relaxation Suppression and Charge Exchange of Chromium Ions in a γ-Irradiated Ruby Crystal

“…Within the framework of the model of the impurity relaxation suppression under strong magnetic saturation, the results obtained after ␥-irradiation can be treated as follows. It has been shown in numerous papers (see, for example, (26,27) tion. It should be noted that in spite of a great number of studies devoted to the influence of ␥-irradiation on ruby crystals, the concentration of charge-exchanged chromium ions was determined only very roughly.…”