Spectacular low- and mid-latitude electrical fields and neutral winds during a superstorm

Kelley, M. C.; Ilma, R. R.; Nicolls, M. J.; Erickson, P. J.; Гончаренко, Л. П.; Chau, Jorge L.; Aponte, N.; Kozyra, J. U.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2008.12.006

Cited by 30 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is necessary to mention that the relationship is not linear and has different efficiency of penetration during this time interval. This nonlinear efficiency is attributed to the local time dependence of the PPEFs (Fejer et al, 2007;Kelley et al, 2010). Long duration PPEFs have been reported in the literature and are a plausible mechanism to explain the correlation during this time interval (Huang et al, 2005a).…”

Section: -10 November 2004mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…A comprehensive discussion of the disturbed electric fields for this event can be found in the works of Fejer et al (2007), Kelley et al (2010), and Mannucci et al (2008). A detailed description of the solar and interplanetary causes of the storm can be found in Tsurutani et al (2008b) and Echer et al (2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fejer et al (2007) showed that this type of evaluation during the penetration electric fields events in the superstorm of 7-10 November 2004 is not applicable and demands the analysis and insertion of other dynamic issues that are not expressed by simple proportionality factors. In contrast, Kelley et al (2010) suggest that a simple empirical scaling relationship between interplanetary electric field (IEF) and low-latitude penetration electric is often valid-although this type of evaluation will not be explored here. Thus, we will present the vertical drifts (not the electric fields) at the geomagnetic equator and use this parameter to discuss qualitatively the disturbances in the zonal electric fields.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Storm-time total electron content and its response to penetration electric fields over South America

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In this work the response of the ionosphere due to the severe magnetic storm of 7-10 November 2004 is investigated by analyzing GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) maps constructed for the South America sector. In order to verify the disturbed zonal electric fields in South America during the superstorm, ionospheric vertical drift data obtained from modeling results are used in the analysis. The vertical drifts were inferred from H magnetometer data (Jicamarca-Piura) following the methodology presented by Anderson et al. (2004). Also used were vertical drifts measured by the Jicamarca ISR. Data from a digisonde located at São Luís, Brazil (2.33 • S, 44.2 • W, dip latitude 0.25 • ) are presented to complement the Jicamarca equatorial data. Penetration electric fields were observed by the comparison between the equatorial vertical drifts and the Interplanetary Electric Field (IEF). The TEC maps obtained from GPS data reflect the ionospheric response over the South America low-latitude and equatorial region. They reveal unexpected plasma distributions and TEC levels during the main phase of the superstorm on 7 November, which is coincident with the local post-sunset hours. At this time an increase in the prereversal enhancement was expected to develop the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) but we observed the absence of EIA. The results also reveal well known characteristics of the plasma distributions on 8, 9, and 10 November. The emphasized features are the expansion and intensification of EIA due to prompt penetration electric fields on 9 November and the inhibition of EIA during post-sunset hours on 7, 8, and 10 November. One important result is that the TEC maps provided a bi-dimensional view of the ionospheric changes offering a spatial description of the electrodynamics involved, Correspondence to: P. M. de Siqueira (patricia.mara@dae.inpe.br) which is an advantage over TEC measured by isolated GPS receivers.

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Section: -10 November 2004mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Storm-time total electron content and its response to penetration electric fields over South America

et al. 2011

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“…In November 2004, a magnetic "superstorm" occurred while a "World Day" incoherent scatter run was underway (Kelley et al, 2009b). The associated changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) created electric fields of huge proportions in the rest frame of the earth, over 30.0 V/km, and 3.0 MV across the magnetosphere.…”

Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin of pre-reversal enhancement of the zonal equatorial electric field

2009

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Abstract.In November 2004, a large and variable interplanetary electric field (IEF) was felt in the reference frame of the Earth. This electric field penetrated to the magnetic equator and, when the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) was in the dusk sector, resulted in a reversal of the normal zonal component of the field. In turn, this caused a counter-electrojet (CEJ), a westward current rather than the usual eastward current. At the time of the normal pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) of the eastward field, the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observed that the westward component became even more westward. Two of the three current explanations for the PRE depend on the neutral wind patterns. However, this unique event was such that the neutral wind-driven dynamos could not have changed. The implication is that the Haerendel-Eccles mechanism, which involves partial closure of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) after sunset, must be the dominant mechanism for the PRE.

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“…The complex effects of magnetospheric convection in ionospheric electric fields and currents from middle to low latitudes during geomagnetic disturbances have been documented in several studies (Blanc, 1983;Heelis and Coley, 1992;Fejer, 1997;Foster and Rich, 1998;Kelley et al, 1979Kelley et al, , 2003Kelley et al, , 2010Huang et al, 2005a, b;Tsurutani et al, 2008a, b;de Siqueira et al, 2011). Under geomagnetically disturbed conditions, the two main sources of electric fields responsible for changes in the plasma drifts and for current perturbations are the prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and the longlasting ionospheric disturbance dynamo (DD) electric fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total electron content responses to HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms over South America

2017

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Abstract. Total electron content (TEC) is extensively used to monitor the ionospheric behavior under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. This subject is of greatest importance for space weather applications. Under disturbed conditions the two main sources of electric fields, which are responsible for changes in the plasma drifts and for current perturbations, are the short-lived prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and the longer-lasting ionospheric disturbance dynamo (DD) electric fields. Both mechanisms modulate the TEC around the globe and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) at low latitudes. In this work we computed vertical absolute TEC over the low latitude of South America. The analysis was performed considering HILDCAA (high-intensity, long-duration, continuous auroral electrojet (AE) activity) events and geomagnetic storms. The characteristics of stormtime TEC and HILDCAA-associated TEC will be presented and discussed. For both case studies presented in this work (March and August 2013) the HILDCAA event follows a geomagnetic storm, and then a global scenario of geomagnetic disturbances will be discussed. Solar wind parameters, geomagnetic indices, O / N 2 ratios retrieved by GUVI instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and TEC observations will be analyzed and discussed. Data from the RBMC/IBGE (Brazil) and IGS GNSS networks were used to calculate TEC over South America. We show that a HILDCAA event may generate larger TEC differences compared to the TEC observed during the main phase of the precedent geomagnetic storm; thus, a HILDCAA event may be more effective for ionospheric response in comparison to moderate geomagnetic storms, considering the seasonal conditions. During the August HILDCAA event, TEC enhancements from ∼ 25 to 80 % (compared to quiet time) were observed. These enhancements are much higher than the quiet-time variability observed in the ionosphere. We show that ionosphere is quite sensitive to solar wind forcing and considering the events studied here, this was the most important source of ionospheric responses. Furthermore, the most important source of TEC changes were the long-lasting PPEFs observed on August 2013, during the HILDCAA event. The importance of this study relies on the peculiarity of the region analyzed characterized by high declination angle and ionospheric gradients which are responsible for creating a complex response during disturbed periods.

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Spectacular low- and mid-latitude electrical fields and neutral winds during a superstorm

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Storm-time total electron content and its response to penetration electric fields over South America

Storm-time total electron content and its response to penetration electric fields over South America

On the origin of pre-reversal enhancement of the zonal equatorial electric field

Total electron content responses to HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms over South America

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