Spectacle lens compensation in the pigmented guinea pig

Howlett, Marcus H. C.; McFadden, Sally A

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.10.008

Cited by 189 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The guinea pig develops deprivation myopia in a short period of time [4] with independent growth in different retinal hemifields [29] and responds to lensinduced blur [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Pérez-Merino¹,

Velasco-Ocaña²,

Martinez-Enriquez³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Custom Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography (SOCT) provided with automatic quantification and distortion correction algorithms was used to measure the 3-D morphology in guinea pig eyes (n = 8, 30 days; n = 5, 40 days). Animals were measured awake in vivo under cyclopegia. Measurements showed low intraocular variability (<4% in corneal and anterior lens radii and <8% in the posterior lens radii, <1% interocular distances). The repeatability of the surface elevation was less than 2 µm. Surface astigmatism was the individual dominant term in all surfaces. Higher-order RMS surface elevation was largest in the posterior lens. Individual surface elevation Zernike terms correlated significantly across corneal and anterior lens surfaces. Higher-orderaberrations (except spherical aberration) were comparable with those predicted by OCTbased eye models.

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“…The guinea pig develops deprivation myopia in a short period of time [4] with independent growth in different retinal hemifields [29] and responds to lensinduced blur [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Pérez-Merino¹,

Velasco-Ocaña²,

Martinez-Enriquez³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] In particular, the negative-powered lenses imposed relative hyperopia on the treated eyes, which in response became more myopic than their fellow control eyes. In contrast, the positivepowered lenses imposed relative myopia, which initiated relative hyperopic shifts in the treated eye refractive errors.…”

Section: Refractive Development Is Regulated By Optical Defocusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual regulation of refractive development: insights from animal studies

Smith

Hung

Arumugam

2013

Eye

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Investigations employing animal models have demonstrated that ocular growth and refractive development are regulated by visual feedback. In particular, lens compensation experiments in which treatment lenses are used to manipulate the eye's effective refractive state have shown that emmetropization is actively regulated by signals produced by optical defocus. These observations in animals are significant because they indicate that it should be possible to use optical treatment strategies to influence refractive development in children, specifically to slow the rate of myopia progression. This review highlights some of the optical performance properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate refractive error development, especially those that are likely to influence the efficacy of optical treatment strategies for myopia. In this respect, the results from animal studies have been very consistent across species; however, to facilitate extrapolation to clinical settings, results are presented primarily for nonhuman primates. In agreement with preliminary clinical trials, the experimental data show that imposed myopic defocus can slow ocular growth and that treatment strategies that influence visual signals over a large area of the retina are likely to be most effective. Eye (2014) 28, 180-188; doi:10.1038/eye.2013.277; published online 13 December 2013Keywords: myopia; hyperopia; defocus; emmetropization Curtin 1 credits Kepler with being one of the first vision scientists to recognize the association between near work and myopia and for hypothesizing that myopia was an adaptation to near work. Although these seminal observations (circa 1610) have been replicated numerous times and much has been learnt about potential risk factors for the development of common forms of myopia, centuries of research on myopia in humans have failed to provide a clear indication of what it is about near work that promotes the development of myopia or to identify the physiological mechanisms that promote myopia in children as a result of chronic near work. However, beginning in the 1960s, research employing animal models was greatly expanded and began to provide new insights into the effects of visual experience on ocular growth and refractive development.The nature of the visual manipulations that have been employed to characterize refractive development in animals fall into three broad categories. The first category involved either natural or imposed restrictions in viewing distance and was largely motivated by the near work hypothesis. For example, comparisons of refractive errors between feral and domesticated or laboratory-reared animals supported the idea that environments that restrict viewing distance are myopiagenic. 2,3 However, these studies suffered from many of the same confounding issues associated with human studies. 4 A more controlled line of research was begun by Levinsohn 5 and continued most notably by Young, 6-9 who demonstrated that monkeys reared in environments with a maximum viewing distance o...

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“…They were attached by using hook and loop fasteners (Birch Haberdashery and Craft, Melbourne, Australia) as previously described. 11 The distance of the lens apex from the cornea (d) was approximately 5 mm; therefore, the effective power at the anterior corneal surface (F e ) was À4.88 D (F e ¼ F 1Àðd 3 FÞ ). Lenses were replaced with clean lenses daily, during which time the animals were kept in the dark.…”

Section: Lenses and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research into possible optical and pharmacologic treatments for the prevention of myopia has been aided by the discovery that the rate of eye growth can be manipulated experimentally in animals by altering their visual experience during development. 1,2 Myopia can be reliably induced in young growing eyes by either form deprivation [3][4][5][6][7] (FDM) or by imposing hyperopic defocus with a negative lens [8][9][10][11][12][13] (lens-induced myopia, LIM), both of which induce excessive elongation of the eye. In humans, degradation of the retinal image during ocular development through drooping eyelids (ptosis) 14 or cataracts 15 may also result in myopia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, inhibition of ocular growth occurs when the eye is allowed to recover from the myopia induced during FDM or LIM, by the subsequent removal of the diffuser or negative lens, 3,7 and when young animals wear a positive lens. [8][9][10][11]13,16 Eye growth is thought to be regulated by retinal mechanisms that act locally within the eye, producing a cascade of changes that ultimately affect the structure of the sclera. Evidence for the role of the retina in the control of eye growth comes from studies involving optic nerve section 17,18 (Wildsoet CF, et al IOVS 2010;51:ARVO E-Abstract 1737) or the pharmacologic blockade of action potentials in the optic nerve.…”

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confidence: 99%

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