SPECT measurements of brain function in dementia; a review

Ryding, Erik

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00374.x

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…28,29 It remains to be shown whether including functional neuroimagery in the newer clinical criteria can improve their utility. The ADDTC and NINDS-AIREN effectively exclude patients with AD and are more sensitive than the HIS, but still fail to diagnose more than one-third of neuropathologically confirmed cases of VaD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia

Gold¹,

Giannakopoulos²,

et al. 1997

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The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia (VaD) recently developed independently by two groups: the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) and the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke with the Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN). We also wished to compare the performance of the new criteria to that of the Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS). The study was comprised of a retrospective chart review and clinicopathologic correlation, and took place in 304-bed acute-care geriatric hospital. The subjects were 113 autopsied elderly patients with dementia, who were assessed to determine sensitivity and specificity of the ADDTC and NINDS-AIREN criteria for possible VaD. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the neuropathologic diagnosis as a gold standard. Sensitivity was 0.63, and specificity was 0.64 for the ADDTC, 0.58 sensitivity and 0.80 specificity for the NINDS, and 0.43 sensitivity and 0.88 specificity for the HIS. Test combinations did not lead to substantial gains in sensitivity or specificity. The majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease were successfully excluded by the ADDTC (87%), the NINDS-AIREN (91%), and the HIS (97%). The proportion of mixed dementia cases clinically misclassified as VaD was 54% for the ADDTC, 29% for the NINDS-AIREN, and 18% for the HIS. Low sensitivity is the main weakness of the above clinical criteria for possible VaD. Mixed dementia is better excluded by the NINDS-AIREN than the ADDTC. Data from this validation study should provide valuable information to clinicians and researchers who wish to apply these criteria to the diagnosis of VaD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia

Gold¹,

Giannakopoulos²,

et al. 1997

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“…35,36 Perfusion SPECT may provide helpful information in viral encephalitis (eg, herpes simplex encephalitis), vasculitis, and HIV encephalopathy. 37,38 Finally, SPECT assessment of arrest of cerebral perfusion is an accurate technique to confirm brain death.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Overview of Brain Perfusion Imaging Techniques

Wintermark

Sesay

Barbier

et al. 2005

Stroke

419

209

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Background and Purpose-Numerous imaging techniques have been developed and applied to evaluate brain hemodynamics. Among these are positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, Xenonenhanced computed tomography, dynamic perfusion computed tomography, MRI dynamic susceptibility contrast, arterial spin labeling, and Doppler ultrasound. These techniques give similar information about brain hemodynamics in the form of parameters such as cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood volume. All of them are used to characterize the same types of pathological conditions. However, each technique has its own advantages and drawbacks. Summary of Review-This

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“…In some studies SPECT is more sensitive than MRI for the diagnosis of vasculitis (Kao et al 1999). Other less commonly used settings of SPECT include trauma, psychiatric disorders (including depression and schizophrenia), and differentiating varying types of dementia (Masdeu et al 1995;Abdel-Dayem et al 1998;Buttler et al 1998;Ryding et al 1996).…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perfusion Measurements: Brain

Beer¹,

Wintermark²

2014

PanVascular Medicine

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Perfusion imaging of the brain encompasses a broad range of imaging modalities, involving invasive and noninvasive techniques, employing endogenous and exogenous tracer that emit nonionizing or ionizing radiation. Each of these examinations bears its own risks and provides specific benefits, and appropriate medical knowledge is required to select the correct test for each of the specific clinical settings. In this chapter, we shall provide a review of this technology and discuss nuclear perfusion techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); perfusion computed tomography (PCT); MR perfusion techniques such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI; and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound. Glossary of Terms ASL (arterial spin labeling)MR perfusion technique that uses water molecules in blood instead of injected contrast to evaluate cerebral perfusion. AutoregulationResponse of the cerebral vasculature to decreased perfusion. CBF (cerebral blood flow)Blood supply in the brain per unit of time. CBV (cerebral blood volume)Cerebral blood volume within the capillary bed. DCE (dynamic contrast enhancement)Dynamic MR imaging technique that tracks the circulation and recirculation of a bolus of contrast material to evaluate blood-brain barrier permeability. DSC (dynamic susceptibility contrast)Dynamic MR technique that tracks a first pass of a bolus of contrast material through signal decrease as the contrast enters the capillary bed. MTT (mean transit time)Length of time a volume of blood spends traveling in the cerebral capillaries. OEF (oxygen extraction fraction) Fraction of oxygen extracted by blood. PET (positron emission tomography)Nuclear imaging technique that allows assessment of cerebral perfusion and metabolic activity. SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) Nuclear imaging technique which displays tomographic imaging with the use of gamma rays. T1 MRI sequenceAlso referred to as T1W1. A basic pulse sequence that relates to a short TR (repetition time) and a short TE (echo time) and gives structural information.

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SPECT measurements of brain function in dementia; a review

Cited by 25 publications

References 68 publications

Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia

Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia

Comparative Overview of Brain Perfusion Imaging Techniques

Perfusion Measurements: Brain

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