Specifying the interlayer turning point and dehydrogenation in a-C:H layers plasma deposited on high-density polyethylene with X-ray synchrotron techniques

Schlebrowski, Torben; Rouabeh, W.; Wehner, Stefan; Fischer, Christian B.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2019.137617

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the break-up of the layer at 200 nm would then also be due to a late reaction of the layer to such a change. For this purpose, the layer thickness range of 10-50 nm would have to be examined more closely to determine whether such a change of a dominant bond is present and if an interlayer can be located [45]. Figure 5 shows the spectra of the C K-edge NEXAFS analysis.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Sample Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

et al. 2020

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The increasing use of polymers is related to a growing disposal problem. Switching to biodegradable polymers such as polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) is a feasible possibility, but after industrial production of commercially available material PBAT is not suitable for every application. Therefore, surface refinements with amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C:H) produced by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) changing the top layer characteristics are used. Here, 50 µm-thick PBAT films are coated with a-C:H layers up to 500 nm in 50 nm steps. The top surface sp2/sp3 bonding ratios are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) both synchrotron-based. In addition, measurements using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) were performed for detailed chemical composition. Surface topography was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the surface wettability by contact angle measurements. With increasing a-C:H layer thickness not only does the topography change but also the sp2 to sp3 ratio, which in combination indicates internal stress-induced phenomena. The results obtained provide a more detailed understanding of the mostly inorganic a-C:H coatings on the biodegradable organic polymer PBAT via in situ growth and stepwise height-dependent analysis.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Sample Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the carbon-hydrogen bond distance for the =CH 2 group has decreased [29]. This change in the bond spacing has already been demonstrated for such a-C:H coatings on several (bio)polymers [2,5,6,11,13,18]. The overlapping sp 3 CH bond also disappears at 100 nm thickness.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…This different chemical composition also influences the wettability or contact angle behavior of the deposited carbon layer. As already reported for several (bio)polymers, the ratio of sp 2 to sp 3 furthermore depends on the thickness of the deposited carbon layer [2,5,6,[11][12][13][14]. These a-C:H layers are often produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which can be further enhanced by the use of radio frequency induced plasma (RF-PECVD) [7,10,12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Remarkable for both series is that no sp 2 oscillations are visible and only the bonds belonging to sp 3 are formed. This problem has already occurred with other polymers coated with a-C:H [6]. stretching region where the carbon bonds (=CH2 and -CH3) are located [29,30,50,51].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, different biopolymers were used as polymer matrix to build bio-nanocomposite materials with high mechanical, optical, thermal, and barrier properties using cellulose nanocrystals (CN) as nano-reinforcing fillers [1,3,4]. Moreover, the surface properties such as hardness and abrasion resistance could be improved by the deposition of protective coatings, such as amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) layers [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers

Schlebrowski

Kassab

Achaby

et al. 2020

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The substitution of petroleum-based polymers with naturally derived biopolymers may be a good alternative for the conservation of natural fossil resources and the alleviation of pollution and waste disposal problems. However, in order to be used in a wide range of applications, some biopolymers’ properties should be enhanced. In this study, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable chitosan (CS) film and CS reinforced with 10 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CN–CS) were coated with amorphous hydrogenated carbon layers (a–C:H) of different thickness. To investigate the effect of the nano-reinforcement on the a–C:H layer applied, mild radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) was used to coat the CS and its CN–CS bio-nanocomposite film. Both the surface characteristics and the chemical composition were analyzed. The surface morphology and wettability were examined by ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements (CA), respectively. Hereby, the relationship between sp2/sp3 ratios on a macroscopic scale was also evaluated. For the investigation of the chemical composition, the surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray radiation techniques near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) were used.

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Microstructures, mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of amorphous carbon coatings in-situ grown on polycarbonate surfaces

Wang

Guan

Fischer

et al. 2021

Applied Surface Science

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Specifying the interlayer turning point and dehydrogenation in a-C:H layers plasma deposited on high-density polyethylene with X-ray synchrotron techniques

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Coating of Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Using Plasma-Mediated Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a–C:H) Layers

Microstructures, mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of amorphous carbon coatings in-situ grown on polycarbonate surfaces

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