Specifying ODP Computational Objects in Z

Sinnott, Richard; Turner, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-35082-0_27

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…So, the important concepts introduced with brief details and all other concepts used in this paper provided in Figure 4. Readers may consult reference materials [25,26] and other research works that have used Z notation extensively [27][28][29].…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline-Enabled Data Driven Clinical Knowledge Model for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer Acquired Through a Refined Knowledge Acquisition Method

Hussain¹,

Afzal²,

Malik³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Validation and verification are the critical requirements in the knowledge acquisition method for the clinical decision support system (CDSS). After acquiring the medical knowledge from diverse sources, the rigorous validation and formal verification process are required before creating the final knowledge model. Previously, we have proposed a hybrid knowledge acquisition method for acquiring medical knowledge from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and patient data in the Smart CDSS for treatment of oral cavity cancer. The final knowledge model was created by combining knowledge models obtained from CPGs and patient data after passing through a rigorous validation process. However, detailed analysis shows that due to lack of formal verification process, it involves various inconsistencies in knowledge relevant to the formalism of knowledge, conformance to CPGs, quality of knowledge, and complexities of knowledge acquisition artifacts. Therefore, it is required to enhance a hybrid knowledge acquisition method that thwarts the inconsistencies using formal verification. This paper presents the verification process using the Z formal method and its outcome as an enhanced acquisition method – known as the refined knowledge acquisition (ReKA) method. The ReKA method adopted verification method and explored the mechanism of theorem proving using the Z notation. It enables to identify inconsistencies in the validation process used for hybrid knowledge acquisition. Additionally, it refines the hybrid knowledge acquisition method by discovering the missing steps in the current validation process at the acquisition stage. Consequently, ReKA adds a set of nine additional criteria to be used to have a final valid refined clinical knowledge model. The criteria ensure the validity of final knowledge model concerning formalism of knowledge, conformance to GPGs, quality of the knowledge, usage of stringent conditions and treatment plans, and inconsistencies possibly resulting from the complexities. Evaluation, using four medical knowledge acquisition scenarios, shows that newly added knowledge in CDSS due to the addition of criteria by ReKA method always produces a valid knowledge model. The final knowledge model was also evaluated with 1229 oral cavity patient cases, which outperformed with an accuracy of 72.57\% compared to a similar approach with an accuracy of 69.7\%. Furthermore, ReKA method identified a set of decision paths (about 47.8%) in the existing approach, which results in a final knowledge model with low quality, non-conformed from standard CPGs. In conclusion, ReKA is formally proved method which always yields valid knowledge model having high quality, supporting local practices, and influenced from standard guidelines.

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Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline-Enabled Data Driven Clinical Knowledge Model for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer Acquired Through a Refined Knowledge Acquisition Method

Hussain¹,

Afzal²,

Malik³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Many of the approaches to computational viewpoint design propose the use of existing languages such as LOTOS [14] or Z [15]. This approach enables the reuse of existing tools and reuse of existing experience that designers might have with that language.…”

Section: A Language Definition Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing computational viewpoint design

Akehurst

Derrick

Waters

Seventh IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, 2003. Proceedings.

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“…A formal semantics of the computational viewpoint in these notations can be found in Part 4 of the RM-ODP [17]. Z also offers interesting benefits for writing computational viewpoint specifications, as described in [26]. However, Z is not object-oriented, does not allow modularity, and has some limitations for expressing invariants and constraints using temporal logic, which is the natural logic in which many environment contracts are expressed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several notations have been proposed for the different viewpoints by different authors, which seem to agree on the need to represent the semantics of the ODP viewpoints concepts in a precise manner [3,4,17,19]. For example, formal description techniques such as Z and Object-Z have been proposed for the information and enterprise viewpoints [27], and LOTOS, SDL or Z for the computational viewpoint [17,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%