Specifying and verifying real-time self-adaptive systems

Camilli, Matteo; Gargantini, Angelo; Scandurra, Patrizia

doi:10.1109/issre.2015.7381823

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A SA system transition between petri-nets through these states. This work has been extended in [10] to incorporate temporal constraints by considering the time-based petri-nets [5]. In a similar fashion, Context Petri-Nets (CPN), introduced by Cardozo et al [11], allow dynamic reconfiguration of petri-nets to model adaptation; CPN can be then translated automatically into petri-nets.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional verification of self-adaptive cyber-physical systems

Borda

Pasquale

Koutavas

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) must often self-adapt to respond to changes in their operating environment. However, using formal verification techniques to provide assurances that critical requirements are satisfied can be computationally intractable due to the large state space of self-adaptive CPSs. In this paper we propose a novel language, Adaptive CSP, to model self-adaptive CPSs modularly and provide a technique to support compositional verification of such systems. Our technique allows system designers to identify (a subset of) the CPS components that can affect satisfaction of given requirements, and define adaptation procedures of these components to preserve the requirements in the face of changes to the system's operating environment. System designers can then use Adaptive CSP to represent the system including potential selfadaptation procedures. The requirements can then be verified only against relevant components, independently from the rest of the system, thus enabling computationally tractable verification. Our technique enables the use of existing formal verification technology to check requirement satisfaction. We illustrate this through the use of FDR, a refinement checking tool. To achieve this, we provide an adequate translation from a subset of Adaptive CSP to the language of FDR. Our technique allows system designers to identify alternative adaptation procedures, potentially affecting different sets of CPS components, for each requirement, and compare them based on correctness and optimality. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using a substantive example of a smart art gallery. Our results show that our technique reduces the computational complexity of verifying self-adaptive CPSs and can support the design of adaptation procedures.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional verification of self-adaptive cyber-physical systems

Borda

Pasquale

Koutavas

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems

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“…In order to evaluate the performance of the TRG builder and the formal verification components of the ZAFETY tool, we report in the following some measurements performed during the verification of two case studies: the self-adaptive UAV system (i.e., the running example of this article) and the self-adaptive Gas Burner (GB) system (i.e., a smaller example introduced in our previous work [15]). We ran our experiments on a machine equipped with a Intel Xeon E5-2630 at 2.30GHz CPU, 32GB of RAM, the Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-39-generic x86_64) operating system, and the Java HotSpot 1.8 64-Bit Server virtual machine.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is the risk that the proposed zone-based methodology can be applied only to few examples (or to a very limited form of adaptation). We have addressed this risk by applying our method to different case studies including two very common and representative real-time system examples (i.e., the GB system [15] and the UAV system, introduced in this article). Moreover, we compared our work with many other successful state-of-the-art approaches, borrowing some consolidated concepts from them.…”

Section: Threats To Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definition of Zone-based TB nets and the supported verification technique to assure the correctness of these models were already presented in [15]. Starting from preliminary results presented in that work, the current contribution: (i) improves the definition of the framework to specify and verify the functional behavior of a self-adaptive system with real-time constraints; (ii) presents a more complex case study, a UAV system, showing all forms of adaptation models supported by our framework; (iii) describes the complexity evaluation of the main algorithms adopted by the proposed verification technique to assure correctness of a real-time self-adaptive system, including timed adaptation requirements; (iv) describes the current implementation of the proposed formal framework -the ZAFETY software tool -including some experimental results; (v) provides a more accurate comparison with the state of the art according to generally agreed key features for SA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Zone-based formal specification and timing analysis of real-time self-adaptive systems

Camilli

Gargantini

Scandurra

2018

Science of Computer Programming

Self Cite

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Self-adaptive software systems are able to autonomously adapt their behavior at run-time to react to internal dynamics and to uncertain and changing environment conditions. Formal specification and verification of self-adaptive systems are tasks generally very difficult to carry out, especially when involving time constraints. In this case, in fact, the system correctness depends also on the time associated with events.This article introduces the Zone-based Time Basic Petri nets specification formalism. The formalism adopts timed adaptation models to specify self-adaptive behavior with temporal constraints, and relies on a zone-based modeling approach to support separation of concerns. Zones identified during the modeling phase can be then used as modules either in isolation, to verify intra-zone properties, or all together, to verify inter-zone properties over the entire system. In addition, the framework allows the verification of (timed) robustness properties to guarantee self-healing capabilities when higher levels of reliability and availability are required to the system, especially when dealing with time-critical systems. This article presents also the ZAFETY tool, a Java software implementation of the proposed framework, and the validation and experimental results obtained in modeling and verifying two time-critical self-adaptive systems: the Gas Burner system and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle system.

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“…Providing evidence that self-adaptation properties are satisfied has long been a topic of intensive research (Luckey and Engels, 2013;Weyns et al, 2010;De La Iglesia and Weyns, 2015;Arcaini et al, 2015;Camilli et al, 2015). Luckey and Engels (2013) used a concrete UML-based CSML (concern specific modelling language) named ACML (Adapt Case Modelling Language) to model structural and behavioural concerns of self-adaptive software systems.…”

Section: Formal Specification and Verification Of Self-adaptive Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%