Specificity of the Induced Bactericidin of the West Indian Spiny Lobster,<i>Panulirus argus</i>

Weinheimer, Peter F.; Acton, Ronald T.; Sawyer, Susan Μ; Evans, E. Edward

doi:10.1128/jb.98.3.947-948.1969

Cited by 23 publications

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References 5 publications

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“…Bactericidal assay. The assay procedure was based on the method of Schwab and Reeves (22) and has been used for previous investigations of invertebrate bactericidal systems (1,(16)(17)(18)25). In this procedure, serial twofold dilutions of hemolymph were made in the minimal medium (DM) of Davis and Mingioli 14, and 4 x 103 live bacteria per ml of diluted coelomic fluid were added to each tube.…”

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Comparative Immunology: Sipunculid Bactericidal Responses

1973

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This report continues comparative studies of inducible bactericidins of invertebrates. The bactericidin of the sipunculid worm Dendrostomum zostericolum Chamberlain was induced by intracoelomic injections of killed bacteria. With the assay system used, optimal results were obtained with 90 min of incubation at 20 to 35 C. Bactericidal titers in coelomic fluids from noninjected worms were either low or nonexistent. After injections of gram-negative bacteria, bactericidal titers of up to 1:1280 were reached within 7 days. Considerable individual variations were noted. Optimal stimulation was achieved with 4 x 108 bacteria per injection. The response was relatively nonspecific as measured by cross-immunization and absorption experiments. Injections of sterile sea water produced no response. Coelomic fluids could be inactivated by heating at 50 or 56 C for 20 min. Activity was not restored by a pool of unheated coelomic fluid from nonimmunized worms. The significance of these observations was discussed with reference to immunity of sipunculids and to comparative immunology.

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Comparative Immunology: Sipunculid Bactericidal Responses

1973

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“…In the studies of Papermaster et al (29,30), a search for bactericidal activity was excluded because this form of immunity was supposed by them to be atypical of adaptive immunological responses. However, demonstration of inducible bactericidal responses in several species of invertebrates (2,(9)(10)(11)(12)35) suggested that this means of protection against microbial invasion might represent a primordial or incipient form of immune responsiveness. The present investigation was designed to characterize further the inducible bactericidal response of the Pacific hagfish to diverse gramnegative organisms.…”

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Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

et al. 1971

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The hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, has been shown to synthesize bactericidal antibodies after injections of gram-negative organisms. These bactericidins could be detected as early as 2 days after the primary injection. Secondary responses were accelerated, although titers were not significantly higher than those reached in the primary response. The bactericidins of hagfish were found to react with other gramnegative enteric bacteria, but not with gram-positive strains. The bactericidins show a lesser degree of specificity and a shorter induction period than other hagfish antibodies or most antibodies induced in higher vertebrates. The bactericidal activity was temperature dependent and could be irreversibly destroyed by heating at 50 C for 20 min. Immune sera were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and bactericidal activity was found to be associated with the excluded peak indicating a high-molecular-weight component. Evidence indicates that inducible immune responses of this bactericidal type represent a primitive capacity which arose before the emergence of vertebrate species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals. Adult hagfish., 20 to 45 cm in length, were captured by Rimmon Fay of Pacific Bio-Marine, Venice, Calif., off the coast of Southern California in 160

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