Specificity of Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms for Schizophrenia in Malay Patients

Razali, Salleh Mohd

doi:10.1159/000284772

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although it is now questioned whether fi rst rank symptoms are reliably diagnostic [4] , such experiences remain a common theme, with studies reporting their prevalence of anything between 27 [5] and 73% [6] in schizophrenia.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Mind Control’ Experiences on the Internet: Implications for the Psychiatric Diagnosis of Delusions

et al. 2006

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Background: The DSM criteria for a delusion indicate that it should not include any beliefs held by a person’s ‘culture or subculture’. The internet has many examples of people reporting ‘mind control experiences’ (MCEs) on self-published web pages, many of which suggest a community based around such beliefs and experiences. It was hypothesized that some of these reports are likely to reflect delusional beliefs and the hyperlinks between web reports were likely to show evidence of social structure, demonstrating the ‘culture or subculture’ exemption to be increasingly redundant in light of new technology. Sampling and Methods: Texts from web sites reporting MCEs (n = 10), experience of cancer (n = 10), depression (n = 10) and being stalked (n = 10) were identified, and were blind-rated by three independent psychiatrists for the presence of delusions. Hyperlinks from web sites reporting MCEs were used to create a network structure; this was compared with a size-matched, randomly generated network and known social networks from the literature using social network analysis. Conclusions: The sampled web-published accounts of MCEs are highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs. Social network analysis suggests there is significant evidence of an online community based around these beliefs. The fact that individuals can form a community based on the content of a potentially delusional belief presents a paradox for the DSM diagnostic criteria for a delusion, and suggests the need to revise and revisit the original operational definition in the light of these new technological developments.

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confidence: 99%

‘Mind Control’ Experiences on the Internet: Implications for the Psychiatric Diagnosis of Delusions

et al. 2006

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“…FRS were present in 35% in India,[25] 25% in Sri Lanka,[26] and 27% in Malaysia. [27] In contrast, a study from Nigeria reported 60.3% FRS. [28] In the ISPS, Nigeria and Ghana had higher frequency of FRS than the other developing countries.…”

Section: Cultural Influence On Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Cultural Aspects of Major Mental Disorders: A Critical Review from an Indian Perspective

Viswanath¹,

Chaturvedi²

2012

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Major mental disorders such as schizophrenia and affective disorders are highly disabling illnesses. The cultural factors that influence the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are of paramount clinical significance. We attempted to critically review the cultural factors in relation to the epidemiology, phenomenology, treatment, and outcome of major mental disorders from an Indian perspective, and tried to compare these with the cultural factors identified in major international studies. The clinical expression of major mental disorders was noted to vary across cultures in the review. In addition, the outcome of major mental disorders is reported to be better in developing nations than in the developed countries. Transcultural variations are also noted to exist in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, traditional healing practices, and psychotherapeutic approaches. The role of cultural factors in severe mental illnesses needs adequate attention from mental health professionals. Continued research on the cultural aspects is required to understand the interplay of all social, cultural, and biological factors. It is important to consider other cultural, traditional, and folk methods for understanding and management of mental illnesses.

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“…However, reliability between study centers was still highly variable (r=0.37 to 0.95) (Wing and Nixon, 1975). Determining the prevalence of FRAH in schizophrenia has also been problematic, with estimates ranging from 10–40% for RC, 0–34% for VC, and 22–48% for cases with at least one FRAH (Ahmed and Naeem, 1984; Bland and Orn, 1980; Carpenter and Strauss, 1974; Chandrasena and Rodrigo, 1979; Gureje and Bamgboye, 1987; Lewine et al, 1982; Malik et al, 1990; Marneros, 1984; Mellor, 1970; Peralta and Cuesta, 1999; Salleh, 1992; Shinn et al, 2011; Thorup et al, 2007; Zarrouk, 1978). The variations in FRAH estimates may reflect different clinical and cultural contexts (Chandrasena, 1987), but also may be due to the variable use of narrow or wide interpretations of FRAH (Koehler, 1979; O’Grady, 1990), as well as the use of different diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia when determining FRAH base rates (Nordgaard et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The special treatment of first rank auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions in the diagnosis of schizophrenia

Shinn

Heckers

Öngür

2013

Schizophrenia Research

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The presence of a single first-rank auditory hallucination (FRAH) or bizarre delusion (BD) is sufficient to satisfy the symptom criterion for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia. We queried two independent databases to investigate how prevalent FRAH and BD are in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and whether the diagnosis depends on them. FRAH was common in both datasets (42.2% and 55.2%) and BD was present in the majority of patients (62.5% and 69.7%). However, FRAH and BD rarely determined the diagnosis. In the first database, we found only seven cases among 325 patients (2.1%) and in the second database we found only one case among 201 patients (0.5%) who were diagnosed based on FRAH or BD alone. Among patients with FRAH, 96% had delusions, 14–42% had negative symptoms, 15–21% had disorganized or catatonic behavior, and 20–23% had disorganized speech. Among patients with BD, 88–99% had hallucinations, 17–49% had negative symptoms, 20–27% had disorganized or catatonic behavior, and 21–25% had disorganized speech. We conclude that FRAH and BD are common features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, typically occur in the context of other psychotic symptoms, and very rarely constitute the sole symptom criterion for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia.

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Specificity of Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms for Schizophrenia in Malay Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

‘Mind Control’ Experiences on the Internet: Implications for the Psychiatric Diagnosis of Delusions

‘Mind Control’ Experiences on the Internet: Implications for the Psychiatric Diagnosis of Delusions

Cultural Aspects of Major Mental Disorders: A Critical Review from an Indian Perspective

The special treatment of first rank auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions in the diagnosis of schizophrenia

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