Specificity, Dose Dependency, and Kinetics of Markers of Chicken and Beef Intake Using Targeted Quantitative LC‐MS/MS: A Human Intervention Trial

Abstract

Scope Common methods for food intake assessment are error‐prone. Estimating food intake via metabolite biomarkers in blood/urine is challenged by inter‐individual variation. Here, meat intake markers based on criteria defined within the FoodBAll consortium, including dose dependency, specificity, kinetics, and their ability to predict meat dose, are evaluated. Methods and results In two randomized human interventions, meat at different doses are consumed. Plasma concentrations of 100 analytes, including previously proposed meat intake markers, are determined at different time points up to 24 h after meat ingestion using targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of π‐methylhistidine (π‐M‐His) correlated best with the chicken meat amount consumed even after 24 h (R2 = 0.96). Both, anserine and π‐M‐His show first‐order elimination kinetics, irrespective of meat dose (t1/2 is 1.4 and 5.9 h, respectively). Surprisingly, π‐M‐His best predicted the amount of beef consumed, albeit at lower concentrations. Furthermore, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) increases only after beef, while dimethylglycine only after chicken consumption. The lack of baseline concentrations for π‐M‐His and anserine is likely the strength of these compounds to predict meat dose. Conclusion Quantitative assessment of meat intake within 24 h is most accurate with π‐M‐His, whereas TMAO and dimethylglycine best discriminate between chicken and beef.

Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development

“…A short-term (15 days) randomized crossover study showed that high red meat diet (420 g day −1 ) increased urinary TMAO when compared to vegetarian diets; however, no difference in TMAO was observed between a low meat diet (60 g day −1 ) and vegetarian diet. 85 In an intervention nutritional trial focused on various defined doses of meat (either chicken or beef ) following a crossover design, TMAO was the only analyte that increased after beef intake (but not after chicken intake) and remained above baseline even after 24 h. 86 Moreover, after the ingestion of 0, 100, or 200 g beef, clear dose-response was observed for TMAO levels, with maximum plasma concentrations around 11 h after the intake. Similarly, in a randomized controlled crossover trial, the effect of 4-weeks intake of red meat, poultry, and non-meat protein sources as 25% of their daily calories, was investigated, 87 and it was observed that compared to the white meat or non-meat diets, increased plasma and urine levels of TMAO occurred after consumption of the red meat diet.…”

Age‐related metabolite profiles and their relation to clinical outcomes in young adults, middle‐aged individuals, and older people

“…Most analytes showed a correlation coefficient of at least 0.2, except for π‐methylhistidine, anserine, choline, and carnosine (Figure S1; Table S1). The diet strongly influences these four analytes 16 . π‐methylhistidine and its precursor anserine were described as markers for the intake of poultry meat.…”

“…The diet strongly influences these four analytes. 16 πmethylhistidine and its precursor anserine were described as markers for the intake of poultry meat. In contrast, τmethylhistidine, an endogenously produced compound released upon protein breakdown, displayed a high correlation between the samples from both days (π-methylhistidine p = 0.16; R 0.07; τmethylhistidine p < .001; R 0.07; Figure S2).…”

A Molecular Approach to Understanding the Role of Diet in Cancer-Related Fatigue: Challenges and Future Opportunities

“…Secondly, a priori-defined food biomarkers that have reached an appropriate level of validation [ 124 ] could be measured in association with CRF to test specific diet exposure-CRF hypotheses. For example, biomarkers of coffee (quinate, 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate, 1,3-dimethylurate), alcohol (ethyl glucuronide), multivitamins (pantothenate (B 5 ), pyridoxal, alpha-tocopherol) and citrus fruits (proline betaine) have been validated in large-scale cohort studies and subsequently tested in acute dietary intervention or feeding studies [ 116 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ]. Leveraging nutritional metabolomics data derived from other types of biospecimens (e.g., fecal metabolites) may also provide novel insights, such as diet-microbiome interaction in relation to CRF.…”