Specificity and efficacy of purified Bacillus thuringiensis proteins against agronomically important insects

MacIntosh, Susan; Stone, Terry B.; Sims, Steven R.; Hunst, Penny L.; Greenplate, John T.; Marrone, Pamela G.; Perlak, Frederick J.; Fischhoff, David A.; Fuchs, Roy L.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(90)90109-j

Cited by 219 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Insect bioassays involved incorporating the toxin protein into the insect artificial diet (30). First, the susceptibility of E. insulana larvae to each Cry toxin tested was determined at a high protein concentration (100 g/ml) by incorporating the toxin into the diet that was fed to 25 neonate larvae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins for Control of the Cotton Pest Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ibargutxi

Estela

Ferré

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thirteen of the most common lepidopteran-specific Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis have been tested for their efficacy against newly hatched larvae of two populations of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana. At a concentration of 100 g of toxin per milliliter of artificial diet, six Cry toxins (Cry1Ca, Cry1Ea, Cry1Fa, Cry1Ja, Cry2Aa, and Cry2Ab) were not toxic at all. Cry1Aa, Cry1Ja, and Cry2Aa did not cause mortality but caused significant inhibition of growth. The other Cry toxins (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Da, Cry1Ia, and Cry9Ca) were toxic to E. insulana larvae. The 50% lethal concentration values of these toxins ranged from 0.39 to 21.13 g/ml (for Cry9Ca and Cry1Ia, respectively) for an E. insulana laboratory colony originating from Egypt and from 0.20 to 4.25 g/ml (for Cry9Ca and Cry1Da, respectively) for a laboratory colony originating from Spain. The relative potencies of the toxins in the population from Egypt were highest for Cry9Ca and Cry1Ab, and they were both significantly more toxic than Cry1Ac and Cry1Ba, followed by Cry1Da and finally Cry1Ia. In the population from Spain, Cry9Ca was the most toxic, followed in decreasing order by Cry1Ac and Cry1Ba, and the least toxic was Cry1Da. Binding experiments were performed to test whether the toxic Cry proteins shared binding sites in this insect.125 I-labeled Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab and biotinylated Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, and Cry9Ca showed specific binding to the brush border membrane vesicles from E. insulana. Competition binding experiments among these toxins showed that only Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac competed for the same binding sites, indicating a high possibility that this insect may develop cross-resistance to Cry1Ab upon exposure to Cry1Ac transgenic cotton but not to the other toxins tested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins for Control of the Cotton Pest Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ibargutxi

Estela

Ferré

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Once ingested, the Cry proteins bind to specific molecular receptors on the lining of the caterpillar's gut, create holes in the gut, and quickly cause death [57]. Individual Bt Cry proteins are highly specific to certain caterpillars and do not target other insects [57,58], unlike conventional pesticides, many of which kill across a wide spectrum of both targeted and non-targeted (sometimes beneficial) insects.…”

Section: Commercialization Of Bollgard II In Burkina Fasomentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Sustainability of Cotton Production Systems in West Africa: A Summary of Empirical Evidence from Burkina Faso

2011

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Africa has been hesitant to adopt agricultural biotechnology, lagging behind global trends over the past decade. One exception is Burkina Faso, a West African country that commercially released 125,000 ha of Bt cotton in 2009. Bt cotton may serve as a working example of how African countries can enhance sustainability using modern, science-driven technology to increase production levels while reducing input use and energy consumption. This paper reports the potential impact that Bt cotton can have on sustainability in Burkina Faso's cotton sector based by summarizing empirical evidence from previously published studies. Based on the summary of published data collected from six years of field trials and producer surveys, Bt cotton increased cotton yields by an average of 21.3% and raised income by $106.14 per ha. Using an energy balance model, the introduction of Bt cotton would also result in a 6.6% saving in energy use. The significant increase in productivity and economic returns could be the catalyst for Burkina Faso, and other African countries, to emerge from the decade or so of stagnation and regain their competitive stance in world cotton markets while providing environmental and social benefits.

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“…From most susceptible to least susceptible to Cry toxins, the insects rank CBL > DBM = CEW > BAW (Macintosh et al, 1990;Moar et al, 1990;Tabashnik et al, 1994). BAW, along with other Spodoptera sp., are known to be tolerant to Et toxins (Moar et al, 1990).…”

Section: Insect Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Control and Dosage Effects in Transgenic Canola Containing a Synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cryIAc Gene

et al. 1996

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The seeds of a number of Brassica L. species are cultivated for the production of oil. Collectively, the oilseed Brassica sp., generally referred to as rapeseed, supply more than 13% of the world's supply of edible oils and rank third behind soybean and oil palm in importance. The term "canola" was adopted by the Canadians in 1979 and used to describe oilseed Brassica cultivars that produce oils containing less than 2% erucic acid and to describe defatted seed meals with less than 30 pmol g-' of aliphatic glucosinolates. Brassica napus L. canola cultivars are currently dominant in U.S. production, although canola-quality Brassica rapa (synonymous with Brassica campestris) cultivars also exist (Raymer et al., 1990).Production of canola in the U.S. has grown at a modest rate during the last 10 years from virtually O in 1985 to 165,000 ha in 1995 (C. Boynton, U.S. Canola Association, personal communication). As production of canola continues to grow, insect problems are expected to become more serious (Lamb, 1989). This may be particularly true as canola production expands in the southeastern United States and California, where mild winter temperatures are likely to lead to increased herbivory, as compared with the much cooler areas (e.g. Canada), where canola has historically been produced. Ubiquitous lepidopteran Brassica specialists, such as the DBM and the CBL, and generalist lepidop-terans, such as the BAW and CEW, may increase in importance where canola is grown in warmer regions (Buntin and Raymer, 1994). This scenario may be especially viable with regard to generalist herbivores, since glucosinolates, a hypothesized antiherbivorant to generalist insects (Giamoustaris and Mithen, 1995), have been bred out of canola-quality rapeseed. Transgenic canola cultivars with insecticidal properties will certainly play a major role in integrated pest management strategies for canola pests (Talekar and Shelton, 1993;Evans and Scarisbrick, 1994). The objectives for this study were 2-fold. (a) To determine the effect of Bt expression in B. napus on antibiosis for severa1 lepidopteran insects. Unlike the related Bt soybean study (Stewart et al., 1996), in which only few, low-expressing synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein ( B t crylAc) plants were produced, the likelihood of obtaining a wide range of B t expression is greater using a species that is more amenable to genetic transformation, such as B. napus. (b) To develop biological tools to test models pertaining to biotechnological risk assessment. It is possible that a plant species, such as B. napus, that is able to persist in nonagricultural environments could become more weedy in a transgenic form if the transgene confers an increment of fitness and the plant is naturalized in areas of its cultivation. Thus, we developed the B t canola to ultimately test population-leve1 ecological hypotheses.

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Specificity and efficacy of purified Bacillus thuringiensis proteins against agronomically important insects

Cited by 219 publications

References 25 publications

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins for Control of the Cotton Pest Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins for Control of the Cotton Pest Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Enhancing Sustainability of Cotton Production Systems in West Africa: A Summary of Empirical Evidence from Burkina Faso

Insect Control and Dosage Effects in Transgenic Canola Containing a Synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cryIAc Gene

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