Specification of e-Health system using Z: A motivation to formal methods

Azeem, Muhammad Waqar; Ahsan, Muhammad; Minhas, Nasir Mehmood; Noreen, Khadija

doi:10.1109/i2ct.2014.7092123

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…E‐health systems are a recent classification of health care systems supported by electronic processes and communication. Papers() model the system, while it is verified in previous studies() and validated in Tahir et al and Abdmeziem et al Furthermore, the certification criteria followed by Electronic Medical Records EMR applications in category of patients' privacy protection are studied in Kralj et al() Suggestions on how to use formal methods are given also in the medical protocol case study . Ten Teije et al and Groot et al propose a model of medical protocol and verify whether the overall process is correct or not.…”

Section: Classification and Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

Bonfanti

Gargantini

Mashkoor

2018

J Software Evolu Process

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The use of formal methods is often recommended to guarantee the provision of necessary services and to assess the correctness of critical properties, such as functional safety, cybersecurity, and reliability, in medical and health care devices. In the past, several formal and rigorous methods have been proposed and consequently applied for trustworthy development of medical software and systems. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature review on the available state of the art in this domain. We collect the relevant literature on the use of formal methods for modeling, design, development, verification, and validation of software-intensive medical systems. We apply standard systematic literature review techniques and run several queries in well-known repositories to obtain information that can be useful for people who are either already working in this field or planning to start. Our study covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the subject. KEYWORDSformal methods, systematic literature review, medical device software INTRODUCTIONIn modern medical devices, human safety depends upon the correct operation of software controlling the device: Software malfunctioning can cause injuries to, or even the death of, patients. A crucial issue is how to guarantee that medical software has all the qualities (eg, safety, security, and dependability) expected for critical components. One way to improve and assess software quality, as suggested by literature, 1-3 is to use formal methods or in general rigorous methods for design, validation, and verification of medical software. Some processes for improvement of medical standards, based on formal approaches, have already been proposed, 4-6 although their adoption in industrial applications is rather limited.The overall aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide guidance to researchers starting to work on this topic and (2) to assess the state of the art that is more useful for researchers already working on this subject. We have applied a systematic literature review (SLR) process to the topic of rigorous methods for designing and validation of medical software and systems by following the guidelines presented in literature 7-9 with slight improvements such as a wider range of repositories is queried for information retrieval and the subject is covered from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Through this analysis, we give an overview of the research literature about formal methods applications to model, to verify, and to validate medical systems. Moreover, we include processes and tools that translate models written using formal languages in machine code. We would like to underline that the SLR carried out in this work considers only formal methods applied to medical device/software. Other processes applied to medical device/software are outside of our goal (eg, code implementation, testing, 8 and hardware configuration).The goals of our SLR are (1) to gather a sufficient number of relevant articles, (2) to perform a series of analyses, and (3) to p...

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Section: Classification and Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

Bonfanti

Gargantini

Mashkoor

2018

J Software Evolu Process

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“…However, in their study have been used UML class diagram. Researchers presented in [8,11,12] formal specifications by using UML use case diagram and Z schemas to improve software correctness, reliability, and efficiency. As it used to reduce time and cost at an initial stage.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in [8] have been used Z/EVEs tool to verify Z schemas. While, in both of the studies [11,12] no tool used to verify Z schemas. The comparative study of related works focused on a number of formal specification approaches to improve the systems development as reviewed in Table 1.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On that point are various formal languages like VDM, B-Methods, Larch and Z notation are used for formal specification. Z notation is a good example based on formal specification language which uses the set theory for determining the behavior of sequential systems [11]. The literature indicates that the most well-known issue for UML is lack of obvious semantics, various interpretation of the diagram and inconsistency among diagrams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integration of uml use case diagram and activity diagram with Z language for formalization of library management system

Muhamad¹,

Abdulmonim²,

Alathari³

2019

IJECE

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Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the effective standard for modeling object-oriented software systems. However, the ambiguity of semantics and the absence of consistency among UML diagrams lead to lack of precisely defining the requirements of a system. On the other hand, formal methods are techniques and tools use the mathematical notations, and they involve the precise syntax and semantics of the unambiguous software requirements specification. It applied in early stages of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Therefore, an integrated between UML specification and formal specification is required to reduce the requirements' ambiguity and error, and to improve the quality and security of software systems. This paper proposes an approach involves the combining UML use-case diagram and activity diagrams with Z language for formalization of Library Management System (LMS). The focus of this paper is on consistency between the UML diagrams to Z Schema, and then verified by using the Z / EVEs tool.

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“…In [17], authors adopt a first-order theorem proving method (Event-B) to model wireless body sensor network (WBSN) and verify security requirements of privacy at different level of abstraction for WBSN. In [18], the proposed system presents some cases of specifications for an e-Health system using Z to remove those errors which remain during the early phase of requirements collection. The developed system in [19] presents testing and verification of healthcare system by simulation based methods, formal methods and semi-formal methods which identify several open issues and challenges in healthcare environment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Formal Model of RFID-Based Patient Registration System

Khalid¹,

Afzaal²,

Hassan³

et al. 2017

ijacsa

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Abstract-Patient Registration System (PRS) is an important part of hospital environment. Therefore, semiformal model of Patient Registration System that registers the patients by assigning Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card or bracelet is presented in this paper. The existing Patient Registration Systems do not properly work due to ambiguities and semiformal modeling techniques. However, that is why we will propose formal modeling for PRS using Vienna Development Method (VDM-SL). Firstly, we develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML) based semiformal model of PRS because UML is used for better understanding of the system architecture. Formal methods are used to ensure accuracy and robustness of the system. Therefore, we transform the UML based model into formal model by writing formal specification of the system to improve accuracy and efficiency of PRS. In this way, development time, testing and maintenance cost in building RFID based PRS software is reduced to a great extent.

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Specification of e-Health system using Z: A motivation to formal methods

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

An integration of uml use case diagram and activity diagram with Z language for formalization of library management system

Analysis and Formal Model of RFID-Based Patient Registration System

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