Specific Signatures of the Gut Microbiota and Increased Levels of Butyrate in Children Treated with Fermented Cow's Milk Containing Heat-Killed Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74

Abstract

We recently demonstrated that cow's milk fermented with the probiotic CBA L74 (FM-CBAL74) reduces the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections in young children attending school. This effect apparently derives from a complex regulation of non-immune and immune protective mechanisms. We investigated whether FM-CBAL74 could regulate gut microbiota composition and butyrate production. We randomly selected 20 healthy children (12 to 48 months) from the previous randomized controlled trial, before (t0) and after 3 months (t3) of dietary treatment with FM-CBAL74 (FM) or placebo (PL). Fecal microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the fecal butyrate concentration was also measured. Microbial alpha and beta diversities were not significantly different between groups prior to treatment. FM-CBAL74 but not PL treatment increased the relative abundance of Individual ,, and oligotypes were associated with FM-CBAL74 treatment and demonstrated correlative associations with immune biomarkers. Accordingly, PICRUSt analysis predicted an increase in the proportion of genes involved in butyrate production pathways, consistent with an increase in fecal butyrate observed only in the FM group. Dietary supplementation with FM-CBAL74 induces specific signatures in gut microbiota composition and stimulates butyrate production. These effects are associated with changes in innate and acquired immunity. The use of a fermented milk product containing the heat-killed probiotic strain CBAL74 induces changes in the gut microbiota, promoting the development of butyrate producers. These changes in the gut microbiota composition correlate with increased levels of innate and acquired immunity biomarkers.

The therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12® in infant colic: A randomised, double blind, placebo‐controlled trial

“…Finally, it is well‐known that butyrate modulates HBD‐2, LL‐37 and sIgA production, supporting the hypothesis of multiple and connected actions elicited by BB‐12 in IC.…”

“…In the context of IC, these effects could be responsible for a beneficial shaping of gut microbiota structure. It is well‐known that a positive modulation of HBD‐2, LL‐37 and sIgA expressions into the intestinal lumen results in a positive influence on gut microbiota structure and butyrate production . These effects seem particularly relevant in IC, where dysbiosis with increased presence of Proteobacteria and decreased presence of Bifidobacteria with reduced butyrate production have been demonstrated .…”

“…Gut microbiota structure was characterised using high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. DNA extraction, library preparation, sequencing and data analysis were carried out as recently described . Briefly, raw reads were joined using FLASH and quality‐filtered by Prinseq, trimming out bases with Phred score <20 and shorted than 300 bp.…”

The Intestinal Microbiota of Hermetia illucens Larvae Is Affected by Diet and Shows a Diverse Composition in the Different Midgut Regions

“…After extraction, 400 ng of RNA were reverse-transcribed into cDNA with random primers using RETROscript (Life Technologies), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The midgut microbiota was assessed by sequencing of the amplified V3 to V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene as recently described (65). Demultiplexed forward and reverse reads were joined by using FLASH (66).…”

Attenuated Lactococcus lactis and Surface Bacteria as Tools for Conditioning the Microbiota and Driving the Ripening of Semisoft Caciotta Cheese

“…The DNA extracted from each part (surface and core) of each cheese after 1, 10, 20, and 30 days of ripening was used for PCR. The cheese microbiome was studied by sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, as previously described (49). Demultiplexed forward and reverse reads were joined using FLASH (50) and quality trimmed (Phred score, 20), and short reads (250 bp) were discarded using Prinseq (51).…”