Specific roles of phosphatidylglycerols in hosts and microbes

Dugail, Isabelle; Kayser, Brandon D.; Lhomme, Marie

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.005

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…PGs are considerably enriched in bacterial membranes relative to eukaryotic cells (33, 34), leaving open the possibility that the gut microbiota can contribute directly to circulating PGs in addition to the above documented inflammation‐dependent PG induction. Therefore, we engineered a “super PG producing” recombinant strain of L. lactis that overexpresses the bacterial homolog of PGS1, PgsA (LL‐pgsA), which were successfully enriched with PGs compared with the wild‐type L. lactis (LL‐WT; Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that PGs are enriched in the membrane of bacterial cells (33), we initially hypothesized that microbial PGs would contribute to serum levels in the host. However, our findings on host PGS1 regulation as well as those with gnotobiotic mice colonized with recombinant PG‐overproducing bacteria that resulted in a sex‐specific and moderate modulation of host PG levels, presumably through direct transfer of fully saturated but an otherwise rare subset of PG species (32:0, 34:0, and 36:0), indicate that this is likely a minor contributing event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphatidylglycerols are induced by gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and favorably modulate adipose tissue remodeling in obesity

et al. 2019

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Lipidomic techniques can improve our understanding of complex lipid interactions that regulate metabolic diseases. Here, a serum phospholipidomics analysis identified associations between phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Compared with the other phospholipids, serum PGs were the most elevated in patients with low microbiota gene richness, which were normalized after a dietary intervention that restored gut microbial diversity. Serum PG levels were positively correlated with metagenomic functional capacities for bacterial LPS synthesis and host markers of low‐grade inflammation; transcriptome databases identified PG synthase, the first committed enzyme in PG synthesis, as a potential mediator. Experiments in mice and cultured human‐derived macrophages demonstrated that LPS induces PG release. Acute PG treatment in mice altered adipose tissue gene expression toward remodeling and inhibited ex vivo lipolysis in adipose tissue, suggesting that PGs favor lipid storage. Indeed, several PG species were associated with the severity of obesity in mice and humans. Finally, despite enrichment in PGs in bacterial membranes, experiments employing gnotobiotic mice colonized with recombinant PG overproducing Lactococcus lactis showed limited direct contribution of microbial PGs to the host. In summary, PGs are inflammation‐responsive lipids indirectly regulated by the gut microbiota via endotoxins and regulate adipose tissue homeostasis in obesity.—Kayser, B. D., Lhomme, M., Prifti, E., Da Cunha, C., Marquet, F., Chain, F., Naas, I., Pelloux, V., Dao, M.‐C., Kontush, A., Rizkalla, S. W., Aron‐Wisnewsky, J., Bermúdez‐Humarán, L. G., Oakley, F., Langella, P., Clément, K., Dugail, I. Phosphatidylglycerols are induced by gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and favorably modulate adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. FASEB J. 33, 4741–4754 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylglycerols are induced by gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and favorably modulate adipose tissue remodeling in obesity

et al. 2019

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“…Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic molecules which self‐assemble into various bilayer and liposome . Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a natural PL which has glycerol as a polar head group linked to a phosphoglycerol backbone with two fatty acyl chains . PG has excellent liposome forming ability and is widely used in drug delivery systems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of n‐3 Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylglycerol from Salmon Roe Lipids by Phospholipase D and In Vitro Digestion

Chen

Beppu

Miyashita

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a highly functional phospholipid (PL), which has many physiological functions. However, naturally occurring PG binding n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) is low in content, resulting in a scarcity of industrial bio‐resources of n‐3 PUFA enriched PG. The current study investigates the preparation of salmon roe PG (SRPG) from three types of salmon roe lipids and glycerol via phospholipase D (PLD)‐mediated transphosphatidylation. The yields of SRPG obtained from salmon roe total lipid (SRTL) and salmon roe PL (SRPL) are higher than those obtained from purified salmon roe phosphatidylcholine (SRPC) in aqueous system. Following a 24 h reaction with 0.75 U PLD, SRTL, and SRPL yield up to 96.4 mol% and 96.7 mol% SRPG, respectively. In addition, more fatty acids are released from synthesized SRPG via hydrolysis by pancreatic enzymes than from SRPC and soybean PC in in vitro digestion model. Fatty acids at the sn‐2 position of SRPG are completely liberated by 0.04 U of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) during a 6 h reaction, whereas fatty acids of SRPC are partially unhydrolyzed even after a 24 h reaction. Our results suggest that SRPG converted from salmon lipids by PLD is a functional PL with high bioavailability of n‐3 PUFAs. Practical Applications: Phosphatidylglycerol rich in n‐3 PUFAs is prepared from salmon roe lipids (SRPG) catalyzed by PLD. The SRPG yields reach 96.4 mol% and 96.7 mol% of phosphatidylcholine contained in SRTL and SRPL, respectively, in aqueous reaction system. Fatty acids rich in n‐3 PUFAs at sn‐2 position of prepared SRPG are rapidly liberated by PLA2 in an in vitro digestion model.

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“…PG is a rare phospholipid in animals, whereas it is abundant in bacteria and plants [34]. PG is a rare phospholipid in animals, whereas it is abundant in bacteria and plants [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downregulation of CL synthase caused the accumulation of PG, in addition to a decrease in the CL amount. PG is a rare phospholipid in animals, whereas it is abundant in bacteria and plants [34]. In mammals, PG comprises major constituents of lung surfactant and is involved in viral infection [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of cardiolipin synthase triggers changes in mitochondrial morphology

et al. 2017

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Mitochondrial tubular structures are maintained by a balance between membrane fusion and fission that is regulated by various factors, including Drp1 and mitofusin/fzo-1. Here we report the role of cardiolipin (CL) synthase in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology. Knockdown of CL synthase induced mitochondrial elongation in nematode and human cells. Knockdown of both nematode cardiolipin synthase and drp-1 or fzo-1 suggested that knocking down CL synthase decreases mitochondrial division. Mass spectrometric analysis of human CL synthase-knocked down cells revealed a decreased amount of CL and an accumulation of phosphatidylglycerol, a CL precursor. Knockdown of other genes involved in CL synthesis did not influence mitochondrial morphology. Thus, mitochondrial elongation may result from the accumulation of phosphatidylglycerol rather than decreased CL.

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Specific roles of phosphatidylglycerols in hosts and microbes

Abstract: Summary :Phosphatidylglycerols (PGs)

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Phosphatidylglycerols are induced by gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and favorably modulate adipose tissue remodeling in obesity

Phosphatidylglycerols are induced by gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and favorably modulate adipose tissue remodeling in obesity

Preparation of n‐3 Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylglycerol from Salmon Roe Lipids by Phospholipase D and In Vitro Digestion

Inactivation of cardiolipin synthase triggers changes in mitochondrial morphology

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