Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics

Abstract

Osteoblast, fibroblast, and endothelial cell adhesion on nanophase (that is, materials with grain sizes less than 100 nm) alumina, titania, and hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated using in vitro cellular models. Osteoblast adhesion was significantly (p < 0.01) greater after 4 h on nanophase alumina, titania, and HA than it was on conventional formulations of the same ceramics. In contrast, compared to conventional alumina, titania, and HA, after 4 h fibroblast adhesion was significantly (p < 0.01) less on nanophase ceramics. Examination of the underlying mechanism(s) of cell adhesion on nanophase ceramics revealed that these ceramics adsorbed significantly (p < 0.01) greater quantities of vitronectin, which, subsequently, may have contributed to the observed select enhanced adhesion of osteoblasts. Select enhanced osteoblast adhesion was independent of surface chemistry and material phase but was dependent on the surface topography (specifically on grain and pore size) of nanophase ceramics. The capability of synthesizing and processing nanomaterials with tailored (through, for example, specific grain and pore size) structures and topographies to control select subsequent cell functions provides the possibility of designing the novel proactive biomaterials (that is, materials that elicit specific, timely, and desirable responses from surrounding cells and tissues) necessary for improved implant efficacy.

Effect of different Ti–6Al–4V surface treatments on osteoblasts behaviour

“…A previous study has demonstrated that FN was not involved in the adhesion of osteoblasts to uncoated Ti alloy at 24 h [25]. Moreover, the integrin a 5 Fwhich is a major adhesion receptor of osteoblasts interacting with FN [26,27]Fwas not detected in cell cultured on polished or rough Ti-6A1-4V at 12 h while it was detected for cell cultured on polystyrene [28]. Despite results of the study by Sinha and Tuan [28] were obtained at 12 h while present FN results were obtained at week 1, they could support the hypothesis that proteins other than FN were involved in the osteoblast adhesion to Ti alloy.…”

Influence of substratum surface chemistry/energy and topography on the human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19: Phenotypic and genotypic responses observed in vitro☆

“…2 is not frequently measured, especially the early attachment phase characterized by t 1/2 and %I max, because cell-enumeration protocols are quite labor intensive (there are a variety of cell-enumeration methods available including dye techniques [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74], autoradiography [75], light and electron microscopy [76][77][78], Coulter counting [79], hemocytometry [80], spectrometry [81,82], nuclei number [83], total DNA [84], total protein concentration [78,85] that may or may not give similar results, depending on cell number and specific experimental conditions). Instead, a variety of experimental shortcuts are taken, such as measuring attached-cell-number after some arbitrary cell-surface contact time [86][87][88][89].…”

A Novel Polymer-Synthesized Ceramic Composite Based System for Bone Repair: Osteoblast Growth on Scaffolds with Varied Calcium Phosphate Content

“…The reduction in cell number seen on composite matrices may also be due to limited spreading of cells on the calcium phosphate surface. Other studies have shown limited colony occupancy of osteoblasts cultured on nanophase ceramics including hydroxyapatite [9]. According to x-ray diffraction patterns of the calcium phosphate formed within the composite matrices, there is good evidence that the calcium phosphate formed is nanophase hydroxyapatite [6].…”