Specific Probiotics in Enhancing Maturation of IgA Responses in Formula-Fed Infants

Rautava, Samuli; Arvilommi, Heikki; Isolauri, Erika

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000228317.72933.db

Cited by 143 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…immunoglobulin response as specific IgA responses (23,24) and have not been shown to interfere with the immune response to vaccines; they may also improve seroconversion rates (25,26). Breast milk has been to shown to be a source of microbes such as staphylococci, streptococci, lactic acid bacteria, and bifidobacteria (4).…”

Section: Maternal Bmi Impact On Milk Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

et al. 2012

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IntroductIon: Breast milk is an optimal source of nutrition for infants. It contains bioactive components including bacteria that support the microbial colonization and immune system development of the infant. The determinants of human milk composition remain poorly understood, although maternal nutritional and immunological status as well as lifestyle and dietary habits seem to have an impact. Methods: The subjects selected were women from a prospective follow-up study categorized by BMI. Milk samples were taken after delivery and at 1 and 6 mo later for analysis of composition in regard to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, soluble cD14 (scD14), cytokines, and microbiota. results: TGF-β2 and scD14 levels in the breast milk of overweight mothers tended to be lower than the levels in that of normal-weight mothers. also, higher levels of Staphylococcus group bacteria and lower levels of Bifidobacterium group bacteria were detected in overweight mothers as compared with normal-weight ones. The prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila-type bacteria was also higher in overweight mothers, and the numbers of these bacteria were related to the interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in the colostrum, which was in turn related to lower counts of Bifidobacterium group bacteria in the breast milk of overweight women. dIscussIon: complex interactions of cytokines and microbiota in breast milk guide the microbiological, immunological, and metabolic programming of infant health. Our data may indicate the presence of an additional mechanism that may explain the heightened risk of obesity for infants of overweight and excessive weight gain mothers.

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Section: Maternal Bmi Impact On Milk Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

et al. 2012

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“…Now it is clearly known that infant feeding can modify the balance of intestinal flora and thus influence local and general immune response. One way to achieve this is using fermented formula, or formula containing probiotics or prebiotics (7,8). These products have been shown to have an effect on intestinal homeostasis and intestinal inflammation (9) and have been used to prevent and treat acute diarrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Fermented Formula on Thymus Size and Stool pH in Healthy Term Infants

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:To investigate the effects of fermented formula (FF) with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065 on thymus size and stool pH of healthy term infants, ultrasound examinations and evaluations of thymus sizes and thymus indices (TI) and measurements of stool pH were performed in the same 90 term neonates on the 3rd d of life and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th mo of life. Thirty newborns were exclusively breast-fed while the remaining 60 were randomly assigned to receive either a FF or a standard formula (SF). The fecal pH of the breast-fed group was lower than the SF group (p Ͻ 0.05), although it was similar to that of the FF group on the third postnatal day, persisting for the entire 4 mo of the study. The difference in TI was statistically significant over repeated measurements among the groups. The FF infants showed a TI similar to the breast-fed newborns. Probiotic fermentation products have effects comparable to those of the bacteria composing the intestinal microflora supporting the idea that intestinal bacterial balance plays an important role in improving host immune responses. T he principal components of human milk modulating immune responses are immunoglobulin immune cells -macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes -and humoral factors -lactoferrin, lysozyme , and hormones (1,2) that interact with the intestinal microflora during postnatal breast-feeding. The stool microflora of the breast-fed infant is predominantly composed of bifid-bacteria (3). The thymus provides the environment for T lymphocyte maturation. Sonographic studies show that the thymus grows until 8 mo of age decreasing to a stable size around 12 mo of age (4,5). Thymus size is dependent on whether the infant is breast-fed; the thymus size of breast-fed infants is twice the size of formula-fed infants at 4 mo of age (6). Now it is clearly known that infant feeding can modify the balance of intestinal flora and thus influence local and general immune response. One way to achieve this is using fermented formula, or formula containing probiotics or prebiotics (7,8). These products have been shown to have an effect on intestinal homeostasis and intestinal inflammation (9) and have been used to prevent and treat acute diarrhea. A new infant formula fermented with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065 (FF) has been developed. These particular lactic-acid producing bacteria were selected because in vitro -in animal and human studies -they have been shown to have an effect on immune response and exert antiinflammatory effects on gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (10,11). We hypothesized that fermented formula would result in a higher thymus index (TI) and a lower fecal pH over the first 4 months after birth mimicking the effects of breast milk. MATERIALS AND METHODSInclusion and exclusion criteria. Over a period of 6 mo, healthy newborns born at the Department of Neonatology of the University of Bari were considered eligible to be included in the study. Newborns were selected on the basi...

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“…Antibiotic treatments may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and disturb the normal balance of microbiota, which further facilitates the colonization of pathogens (4). On the other hand, common RTIs early in life assist in shaping immunological development, and consequently may both protect children and predispose them to repeated infections, and inflammatory and allergic diseases later in life (5,6).…”

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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood

Taipale¹,

Pienihäkkinen

Isolauri

et al. 2015

Pediatr Res

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ArticlesBackground: Specific probiotic bacteria have proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in early life in at-risk populations. The impact of administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on the risk of acute infectious diseases was studied in healthy children. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 109 1-mo-old infants were assigned randomly to a probiotic group receiving a BB-12-containing tablet (n = 55) or a placebo (n = 54). Test tablets were administered to the infants twice a day (daily dose of BB-12 10 billion colony-forming units) until the age of 2 y with a novel slow-release pacifier or a spoon. Breastfeeding habits, pacifier use, dietary habits, medications, and all signs and symptoms of acute infections were registered in diaries by parents and in questionnaires by trained professionals. results: The infants receiving BB-12 were reported to have experienced fewer respiratory tract infections (RTIs; 87 vs. 100%; risk ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 1.00; P = 0.033) than the controls. No significant differences between the groups were observed in reported gastrointestinal symptoms, otitis media, or fever. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, as was the duration of breastfeeding. conclusion: Administration of BB-12 in early childhood may reduce RTIs.

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Specific Probiotics in Enhancing Maturation of IgA Responses in Formula-Fed Infants

Cited by 143 publications

References 31 publications

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

Effect of a Fermented Formula on Thymus Size and Stool pH in Healthy Term Infants

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood

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