Specific Measures of Executive Function Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Clark, Lindsay R.; Schiehser, Dawn M.; Weissberger, Gali H.; Salmon, David P.; Delis, Dean C.; Bondi, Mark W.

doi:10.1017/s1355617711001524

Cited by 134 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A combination of memory and executive function measured by RT has been reported as the strongest predictor of progression to Alzheimer's disease [23]. Recently, the performance on specific executive function, such as inhibition, has been proved to be useful in distinguishing MCI subjects from healthy adults [24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test

Chan

Fung

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: Complex attention, serving as a main diagnostic item of mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD), has been reported to be susceptible to pathological ageing. This study aimed to evaluate the attention network functions in older adults with subtypes of NCD. Methods: 36 adults with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (NCD-AD), 31 adults with NCD due to vascular disease (NCD-vascular) and 137 healthy controls were recruited. Attention Network Test (ANT) was conducted to assess the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive control. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in executive control (conventional score: F = 11.472, p < 0.001; ratio score: F = 8.430, p < 0.001) and processing speed (F = 4.958, p = 0.008). NCD subgroups demonstrated poorer performance on the ANT, particularly on executive control (healthy 59.9 ± 45.9, NCD-vascular 88.9 ± 44.8, NCD-AD 97.0 ± 53.9). Moreover, the NCD-AD group showed both less efficient executive control and prominent slowing processing speed (reaction time: healthy 687.5 ± 106.0 ms, NCD-vascular 685.3 ± 97.1 ms, NCD-AD 750.6 ± 132.6 ms). Conclusions: The NCD-vascular group appeared to be less efficient in executive control, while the NCD-AD group demonstrated less effective executive control and also slower processing speed. These results suggest that the characterized performance of ANT, processing speed and executive control in particular, might help differentiate adults at risk of different forms of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test

Chan

Fung

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Of the other specific cognitive domains, only executive function had a significant effect size in the full independent cohorts analysis. Studies not using biomarkers of amyloid have suggested that measures of executive function may predict subsequent decline toward dementia, 29 although changes in executive function may occur later, relative to memory decline, in preclinical AD. 30 Global cognitive function had an effect size approximately as large as episodic memory across analyses and so may provide an important indicator of the earliest influences of amyloid on cognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults

et al. 2013

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Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of relationships between amyloid burden and cognition in cognitively normal, older adult humans.Methods: Methods of assessing amyloid burden included were CSF or plasma assays, histopathology, and PET ligands. Cognitive domains examined were episodic memory, executive function, working memory, processing speed, visuospatial function, semantic memory, and global cognition. Sixty-four studies representing 7,140 subjects met selection criteria, with 3,495 subjects from 34 studies representing independent cohorts. Weighted effect sizes were obtained for each study. Primary analyses were conducted limiting to independent cohort studies using only the most common assessment method (Pittsburgh compound B). Exploratory analyses included all assessment methods.Results: Episodic memory (r 5 0.12) had a significant relationship to amyloid burden. Executive function and global cognition did not have significant relationships to amyloid in the primary analysis of Pittsburgh compound B (r 5 0.05 and r 5 0.08, respectively), but did when including all assessment methods (r 5 0.08 and r 5 0.09, respectively). The domains of working memory, processing speed, visuospatial function, and semantic memory did not have significant relationships to amyloid. Differences in the method of amyloid assessment, study design (longitudinal vs cross-sectional), or inclusion of control variables (age, etc.) had little influence.Conclusions: Based on this meta-analytic survey of the literature, increased amyloid burden has small but nontrivial associations with specific domains of cognitive performance in individuals who are currently cognitively normal. These associations may be useful for identifying preclinical Alzheimer disease or developing clinical outcome measures.

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“…There are international studies of children samples (Hurks et al, 2010;Nieto, Galtier, Barroso, & Espinosa, 2008;Sauzéon et al, 2004;Tallberg, et al, 2011) and adult samples (Clark et al, 2012;Raboutet et al, 2010;Troyer, 2000;Troyer et al, 1997) with typical development. There are studies using samples of neurological patients with Parkinson's disease (Anzak et al, 2011;), Alzheimer's disease (Troyer, Moscovitch, Winocur, Leach et al, 1998;Zhao, Guo, & Hong, 2013), Huntington's disease (Rich, Troyer, Bylsma, & Brandt, 1999), stroke (Vivas & Naveira, 2010), and brain lesions without specific causes (Okruszek, Rutkowska, & Wilinska, 2013;Stuss, et al, 1998;Tröster et al, 1998;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Methodological Criteria for Scoring Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency Tasks

Becker

Salles

2016

Psico-USF

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The objective of this study was to describe an adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the methodological criteria for analysis of clustering and switching in semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) tasks. The adaptation process consisted of six steps, including the selection of the clustering and switching variables based on data from a sample of 419 children and the analysis of inter-rater reliability (six raters). The following variables were scored: the total number of words generated the raw number of clusters, the mean cluster size, and the raw number of switches. There was a significant association between raters (intra-class correlation coefficients between 0.95 and 0.99), showing that the analytical method was reliable. Our study provides an evaluation of SVF and PVF tasks that goes beyond the overall score, making it possible to investigate the cognitive processes underlying this neuropsychological function. Keywords: semantic verbal fluency, phonemic verbal fluency, clustering, switching Critérios Metodológicos para Análises de Clustering e Switching em tarefas de Fluência VerbalResumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma adaptação ao português brasileiro dos critérios metodológicos para análises de clustering e switching em tarefas de fluência verbal semântica (FVS) e ortográfica (FVO). São descritas as seis etapas realizadas no processo de adaptação destes critérios, incluindo o processo de extração das variáveis de clustering e switching a partir de dados de amostras de crianças (N=419) e a análise da fidedignidade da concordância entre juízes (N=6). As variáveis avaliadas são número total de palavras evocadas, número de clusters, média do tamanho dos clusters e número de switches. Houve forte associação entre juízes (Coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse entre 0,95 a 0,99) indicando fidedignidade do método de análise. Este estudo contribui com a avaliação da FVS e FVO para além do escore geral, permitindo investigar os processos cognitivos subjacentes a esta função neuropsicológica. Palavras-chave: fluência verbal semântica, fluência verbal ortográfica, agrupamentos Criterios Metodológicos para Análisis de Estrategias de Agrupación en Tareas de Fluidez VerbalResumen Este artículo presenta una adaptación para el portugués brasileño de criterios metodológicos de análisis de estrategias de agrupación (clustering y switching) en tareas de fluidez verbal semántica (FVS) y fluidez verbal fonológica (FVF). El proceso de adaptación de estos criterios consiste en seis pasos, incluyendo el proceso de extracción de las variables de clustering y switching de una muestra formada por 419 niños y el análisis de fiabilidad entre seis jueces. Se investigaron las siguientes variables: número total de palabras generadas, número de grupos de palabras (clusters), tamaño medio de los grupos y número de saltos (switches). Hubo una fuerte asociación entre jueces (coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre 0,95 y 0,99), indicando así la fiabilidad del método analítico. Este estudio contribu...

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Specific Measures of Executive Function Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Cited by 134 publications

References 47 publications

Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test

Efficiency of Attentional Components in Elderly with Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Shown by the Attention Network Test

Meta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults

Methodological Criteria for Scoring Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency Tasks

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