Specific markers of lipid peroxidation issued from n−3 and n−6 fatty acids

Abstract

Several markers of lipid peroxidation are available with different degrees of specificity, from malondialdehyde as a global marker, to F(2)-isoprostane, which is specifically produced from arachidonic acid. Among these, 4-hydroxynonenal is recognized as a breakdown product of fatty acid hydroperoxides, such as 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and 13-hydroperoxy-octade cadienoic acid from the n -6 fatty acids. Furthermore, 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) derives from n -3 fatty acid hydroperoxides. We have recently described the occurrence of 4-hydroxydodecadienal (4-HDDE) from the 12-lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. These three hydroxy-alkenals may be measured in human plasma by GC-MS, but they may partly be generated in the course of sampling, and the relative volatility of 4-HHE makes its measurement quite unreliable. We have successfully characterized and measured the stable oxidized carboxylic acid products from the hydroxy-alkenals 4-HNA, 4-HHA and 4-HDDA in urine. The ratio between 4-HHA and 4-HNA found in the same urinary sample might provide useful information on the location of lipid peroxidation, accounting for the high enrichment of the cerebrovascular system with docosahexaenoic acid, the main n -3 fatty acid in humans.

The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study

“…All effectively offer a panorama of the LPO state. 32 The aldehydes most intensively studied are 4-HDE and MDA. 33 A recent study reported that the isoprostanes attenuate the liberation of dopamine in vitro in the neural retina of mammals.…”

“…Vitamins C and E are involved in neutralizing ROS. 8 In the presence of superoxide anion, NO is transformed into peroxynitrite, causing nitrosative stress with the capacity to induce apoptosis of the blood-retinal barrier, to produce retinal damage. 9 NPDR is not medically treated by specific means but merely by recommendations on improving glycemic control.…”

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis

“…They can also be detected with a higher sensitivity by NICI GC-MS after derivatization using O-pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride for the carbonyl group, and N,O-bis trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide for the hydroxyl group [166][167][168][169][170][171][172].Their corresponding deuterated hydroxyalkenals are used for quantitation ( Fig. 6).…”

Les biomarqueurs de la peroxydation lipidique

“…Des résultats préliminaires montrent par exemple que l'ensemble de ces marqueurs sont augmentés dans les urines de patients atteints de mucovisidose alors que seul le 4-HDDA est augmenté dans le diabète [13] où une diminution de l'activité des glutathion peroxydases plaquettaires a été rapportée [2].…”