Specific instructions for estimating unclearly reported blinding status in randomized trials were reliable and valid

Akl, Elie A.; Sun, Xin; Busse, Jason W.; Johnston, Bradley C.; Briel, Matthias; Mulla, Sohail; You, John J.; Bassler, Dirk; Lamontagne, François; Vera, Claudio; Alshurafa, Mohamad; Katsios, Christina M.; Heels‐Ansdell, Diane; Zhou, Qi; Mills, Ed; Guyatt, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.015

Cited by 144 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias using the modified Cochrane risk of bias instrument,18 19 which deals with random sequence generation; allocation concealment; blinding of study participants, healthcare providers, and outcome assessors; incomplete outcome data; and other potential sources of bias. Reviewers classified studies at high risk of bias when they had rated at least one item as high risk of bias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Sadeghirad

Siemieniuk

Brignardello‐Petersen

et al. 2017

BMJ

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Objective To estimate the benefits and harms of using corticosteroids as an adjunct treatment for sore throat. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Data sources Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), trial registries up to May 2017, reference lists of eligible trials, related reviews. Study selection Randomised controlled trials of the addition of corticosteroids to standard clinical care for patients aged 5 or older in emergency department and primary care settings with clinical signs of acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or the clinical syndrome of sore throat. Trials were included irrespective of language or publication status. Review methods Reviewers identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the evidence, independently and in duplicate. A parallel guideline committee (BMJ Rapid Recommendation) provided input on the design and interpretation of the systematic review, including the selection of outcomes important to patients. Random effects model was used for meta-analyses. Quality of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Results 10 eligible trials enrolled 1426 individuals. Patients who received single low dose corticosteroids (the most common intervention was oral dexamethasone with a maximum dose of 10 mg) were twice as likely to experience pain relief after 24 hours (relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.3; risk difference 12.4%; moderate quality evidence) and 1.5 times more likely to have no pain at 48 hours (1.5, 1.3 to 1.8; risk difference 18.3%; high quality). The mean time to onset of pain relief in patients treated with corticosteroids was 4.8 hours earlier (95% confidence interval −1.9 to −7.8; moderate quality) and the mean time to complete resolution of pain was 11.1 hours earlier (−0.4 to −21.8; low quality) than in those treated with placebo. The absolute pain reduction at 24 hours (visual analogue scale 0-10) was greater in patients treated with corticosteroids (mean difference 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.9; moderate quality). Nine of the 10 trials sought information regarding adverse events. Six studies reported no adverse effects, and three studies reported few adverse events, which were mostly complications related to disease, with a similar incidence in both groups. Conclusion Single low dose corticosteroids can provide pain relief in patients with sore throat, with no increase in serious adverse effects. Included trials did not assess the potential risks of larger cumulative doses in patients with recurrent episodes of acute sore throat. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42017067808.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Sadeghirad

Siemieniuk

Brignardello‐Petersen

et al. 2017

BMJ

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“…Reviewers from the evidence synthesis team assessed the risk of bias from randomized trials using a modified Cochrane risk of bias instrument, 23 and from observational studies using criteria from the Users' Guides to the Medical Literature, 24 including representativeness of the study population, validity of exposure and outcome assessment, loss to follow-up and whether predictive models were optimally adjusted.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Busse¹,

Craigie²,

Juurlink³

et al. 2017

CMAJ

Self Cite

561

620

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“…These 2 categories were used to aid the reviewer in assigning either low risk or high risk to the study and to give a better understanding of the unclear risk of bias score. 36 We rated the overall risk of bias score for each study as high risk if the study met more than 2 criteria for high risk of bias, "moderate risk of bias" if the study met 1 to 2 criteria for high risk of bias, and "low risk of bias" if the study did not meet any high risk of bias criteria.…”

Section: Assessment Of Risk Of Bias and Quality Of The Evidence In Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin or Oral Contraceptives for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Specific instructions for estimating unclearly reported blinding status in randomized trials were reliable and valid

Cited by 144 publications

References 8 publications

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Metformin or Oral Contraceptives for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

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