Specific Impacts of Ketamine on Bladder Dysfunction and Associated Histological Alterations in Rats—A Time Course Validation through Transmission Electron Microscopy
Abstract:This study explored the specific effects of ketamine on bladder function followed by a sequence of histological changes in a rat bladder at fixed time course intervals. The rats were grouped into normal control and experimental animals, and ketamine (100 mg/kg/day) was administrated to the experimental animals for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively; similarly, the control animals received saline. All animals were evaluated for bladder function and histological responses to the treatment. Ultrastructural changes w… Show more
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