Specific IgM, IgG and IgG1 directed against Toxoplasma gondii detected by flow cytometry and their potential as serologic tools to support clinical indirect fundoscopic presumed diagnosis of ocular disease

Martins, Lívia Mattos; Rangel, Alba Lucínia Peixoto; Peixe, Ricardo Guerra; Silva-dos-Santos, Priscila Pinto; Lemos, Elenice Moreira; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis; Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2014.12.012

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These data are in agreement with reports by Huskinson et al (1989) and Cañedo-Solares et al (2008), who stated that in humans the predominant IgG antibody response to infection with T. gondii is from the IgG1 subclass [38,39]. Another study demonstrated that IgG1 antibodies present in serum have high sensitivity (71%) and specificity (91.4%), suggesting its potential use as a biomarker of ocular toxoplasmosis [40]. Even though previous studies have already shown that all four IgG subclasses can cross the placenta to protect the fetus from infections, there is a higher rate of IgG1 vertical transport when compared to other IgG subclasses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Detection of Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Subclasses against Toxoplasma gondii Soluble Antigen in Serum and Colostrum Samples from Puerperal Women

Borges

Oliveira-Scussel

Oliveira

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect several species, including humans, and can cause severe damage to the fetus when the infection occurs during pregnancy. The environment and/or food contamination are critical to spreading the infection. Human milk is rich in nutrients and bioactive elements that provide growth and development of the immune system of the newborn. All isotypes of immunoglobulins are present in human colostrum and they are produced from systemic or local sources. Breastfeeding protects the infant against various pathogens, but there is no conclusive study to detect IgG subclasses in colostrum against T. gondii. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and evaluate the presence of antibody isotypes against T. gondii in paired samples of serum and colostrum. Methods: The study included 283 puerperal patients. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) for detection of anti-T. gondii-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG isotypes and IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses were conducted on paired samples of serum and colostrum. Results: It was found that 45.9%, 6.0%, and 2.1% of serum samples and 45.2%, 7.1%, and 2.1% of colostrum samples were positive for IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively. Specific IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 were positive, respectively, in 98.5%, 54.6%, and 44.6% of serum samples, in contrast with 56.9%, 78.5%, and 34.6% of colostrum samples. Thus, the predominant reactivity of IgG subclasses against T. gondii was IgG1 in serum and IgG3 in colostrum. The higher percentage of positive samples and higher levels of anti-T. gondii IgG3 antibodies were observed in colostrum, when compared to serum samples, suggesting a local production of this subclass. IgG3 and IgG1 subclasses presented different percentages of positivity in serum and colostrum. Only the IgG1 subclass showed a significant correlation between the levels of anti-T. gondii in serum and colostrum, suggesting that IgG1 in breast milk comes from a systemic source. IgG4 showed a similar percentage of positivity in both sample types, but no significant correlation was observed between their levels. Conclusion: Colostrum presents representative levels of IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies specific to T. gondii. The detection of these antibodies presents the potential for diagnostic application of colostrum samples to better identify the diagnostic status of T. gondii infection, especially during the acute phase. In addition, breastfeeding can also be a possible source of protective antibodies for the newborn against toxoplasmosis, an anthropozoonosis maintained by environmental infection, which interferes in the public health of many countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Detection of Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Subclasses against Toxoplasma gondii Soluble Antigen in Serum and Colostrum Samples from Puerperal Women

Borges

Oliveira-Scussel

Oliveira

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The simultaneous presence of anti- T . gondii IgM and IgG classes is transient in most cases and therefore the percentage of pregnant women with this profile is smaller than the other mentioned above [ 14 , 18 , 31 , 47 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…gondii antibodies and it present some limitations. Persistent IgM antibodies can be detected for several months after the primary infection and therefore IgM+/IgG+ serum profile does not correlate acute infection necessarily [ 1 , 50 , 56 , 66 , 67 ]. Secondly, IgG avidity test and Western blot test were not carried out in the pregnant women and their neonates since they are not offered by Brazilian public health system [ 14 , 39 , 68 – 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prematurity and Low Birth Weight did not Correlate with Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Maternal Serum Profiles – a Brazilian Report

et al. 2015

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Gestational Toxoplasma gondii infection is considered a major risk factor for miscarriage, prematurity and low birth weight in animals. However, studies focusing on this topic in humans are scarce. The objective of this study is to determine whether anti-Toxoplasma gondii maternal serum profiles correlate prematurity and low birth weight in humans. The study examined 213 pregnant women seen at the High-Risk Pregnancy Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. All serological profiles (IgM-/IgG+; IgM-/IgG-; IgM+/IgG+) were determined by ELISA commercial kits. Maternal age, gestational age and weight of the newborn at birth were collected and recorded in the Statement of Live Birth. Prematurity was defined as gestational age <37 weeks and low birth weight ≤ 2499 grams. The t-test was used to compare values (p < 0.05). The mean maternal age was 27.6±6.6 years. Overall, 56.3% (120/213) of the women studied were IgM-/IgG+, 36.2% (77/213) were IgM-/IgG- and 7.5% (16/213) were IgM+/IgG+. The average age of the women with serological profile IgM+/IgG+ (22.3±3.9 years) was different from women with the profile IgM-/IgG+ (27.9±6.7 years, p = 0.0011) and IgM-/IgG- (27.9±6.4 years, p = 0.0012). There was no statistically significant difference between the different serological profiles in relation to prematurity (p = 0.6742) and low birth weight (p = 0.7186). The results showed that prematurity and low birth weight did not correlate with anti-Toxoplasma gondii maternal serum profiles.

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“…4 The inflammatory/immune mechanisms involved in human toxoplasmosis and in particular in the development of ocular lesions are still poorly understood and there is need for identification of biomarkers to predict and follow the course of this condition. [5][6][7][8] While susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis is influenced by the genetic background of both the host and of the infecting parasites, 9 the host immune response is clearly an additional disease determinant. [10][11][12] Studies in murine experimental models have indicated a major role of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-, TNF, and IL-12 for development of the acquired immunity to T. gondii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of ocular toxoplasmosis in acute and in chronic infection

Marino

Santos

Henriques

et al. 2020

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Toxoplasmosis is highly endemic worldwide. In Brazil, depending on the geographical region and socioeconomic status, 40-70% of individuals become seropositive at some point in their lives. A significant proportion of Toxoplasma gondii-chronically infected individuals who are otherwise immunocompetent develop recurrent ocular lesions. The inflammatory/immune mechanisms involved in development of ocular lesion are still unknown and, despite previous investigation, there are no reliable immune biomarkers to predict/follow disease outcome. To better understand the impact of the immune response on parasite control and immunopathology of ocular toxoplasmosis, and to provide insights on putative biomarkers for disease monitoring, we assessed the production of a large panel of circulating immune mediators in a longitudinal study of patients with postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis stratified by the presence of ocular involvement, both at the early acute stage and 6 months later during chronic infection, correlating them with presence of ocular involvement. We found that T. gondii-infected patients, especially during the acute stage of the disease, display high levels of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors involved in the activation, proliferation, and migration of inflammatory cells to injured tissues. In particular, major increases were found in the IFN-induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in T. gondii-infected patients regardless of disease stage or clinical manifestations. Moreover, a specific subgroup of circulating cytokines and chemokines including GM-CSF, CCL25, CCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL2 was identified as potential biomarkers that accurately distinguish different stages of infection and predict the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. In addition to serving as predictors of disease development, these host inflammatory molecules may offer promise as candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.

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Specific IgM, IgG and IgG1 directed against Toxoplasma gondii detected by flow cytometry and their potential as serologic tools to support clinical indirect fundoscopic presumed diagnosis of ocular disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative Detection of Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Subclasses against Toxoplasma gondii Soluble Antigen in Serum and Colostrum Samples from Puerperal Women

Comparative Detection of Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Subclasses against Toxoplasma gondii Soluble Antigen in Serum and Colostrum Samples from Puerperal Women

Prematurity and Low Birth Weight did not Correlate with Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Maternal Serum Profiles – a Brazilian Report

Circulating inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of ocular toxoplasmosis in acute and in chronic infection

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