Specific Hippocampal Volume Reductions in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Convit, Antonio; Leon, Mony J. de; Tarshish, Chaim; Santi, Susan De; Tsui, Wai; Rusinek, Henry; George, Allan

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00001-8

Cited by 380 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We did not find any association between reduced pCBF, expressed as tCBF per 100 mL parenchymal volume, and hippocampal volume, indicating that the differences in hippocampal volume cannot be explained by reductions in CBF. Furthermore, as hippocampal atrophy is considered to be an early marker of dementia (Convit et al, 1997), our findings do not support the notion that a reduction in tCBF may contribute to the development of dementia (de la Torre, 2000).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

Knoops

Graaf

Appelman

et al. 2009

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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It has been suggested that compared with other brain tissues, the hippocampus in particular is vulnerable to chronic hypoperfusion. We investigated whether total parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF) was associated with hippocampal atrophy, and also whether this relationship was modified by white matter lesions (WMLs). In a cross-sectional analysis within the SMART-MR (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance) study, which is a cohort study among patients with arterial disease, total CBF (tCBF) and hippocampal volume were assessed in 392 patients (mean age: 62 ± 9 years, 84% men). Total CBF was expressed in per 100 mL brain volume for obtaining pCBF. Manual volumetric measurements of the hippocampus were carried out on a three-dimensional fast field-echo T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan with isotropic voxels. Automated brain segmentation was used to quantify volumes of the WML and the total brain. A linear regression analysis showed that reduced pCBF was not associated with smaller hippocampal volume after adjustments were made for age and sex. The association attenuated further after additional adjustments were made for vascular risk factors, lacunar infarcts, and WMLs (b = 0.01 mL per s.d. decrease in pCBF; 95% confidence interval: À0.06 to 0.08). The association was not modified by WML (P-value for interaction term pCBF * WML = 0.84). We found no evidence of the fact that lower parenchymal blood flow contributes to the neurodegeneration of the hippocampus in a population of patients with arterial disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

Knoops

Graaf

Appelman

et al. 2009

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Although several studies examining cross-sectional and longitudinal effects in volumes of brain regions have shown significant group differences between AD or FTD and their respective healthy controls (DeLeon, George et al 1991;Cuenod, Denys et al 1993;Golomb, deLeon et al 1993;Killiany, Moss et al 1993;Lehericy, Baulac et al 1994;Laakso, Soininen et al 1995;Frisoni, Beltramello et al 1996;Convit, De Leon et al 1997;deToledo-Morrell, Sullivan et al 1997;Jack, Petersen et al 1997;Krasuski, Alexander et al 1998;Bobinski, de Leon et al 1999;Jack, Petersen et al 1999;Killiany, Gomez-Isla et al 2000;Laakso, Hallikainen et al 2000;Xu, Jack et al 2000;De Santi, de Leon et al 2001;Dickerson, Goncharova et al 2001;Du, Schuff et al 2001;Rosen, Prull et al 2003;Stoub, Bulgakova et al 2005), the ability to detect structural patterns that enable accurate prediction for specific individuals is ultimately what determines the clinical value of MRI and measurements obtained from it. Our results further confirmed that evaluation of an extensive and optimally determined set of brain regions, which collectively form a spatial pattern of brain atrophy, is necessary and sufficient to obtain high diagnostic accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual patient diagnosis of AD and FTD via high-dimensional pattern classification of MRI

Davatzikos¹,

Resnick²,

Wu³

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

220

177

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The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based high-dimensional pattern classification in differentiating between patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and healthy controls, on an individual patient basis. MRI scans of 37 patients with AD and 37 age-matched cognitively normal elderly individuals, as well as 12 patients with FTD and 12 age-matched cognitively normal elderly individuals, were analyzed using voxelbased analysis and high-dimensional pattern classification. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of spatial patterns of regional brain atrophy found to be characteristic of AD and FTD were determined via cross-validation and via split-sample methods. Complex spatial patterns of relatively reduced brain volumes were identified, including temporal, orbitofrontal, parietal and cingulate regions, which were predominantly characteristic of either AD or FTD. These patterns provided 100% diagnostic accuracy, when used to separate AD or FTD from healthy controls. The ability to correctly distinguish AD from FTD averaged 84.3%. All estimates of diagnostic accuracy were determined via cross-validation. In conclusion, AD-and FTD-specific patterns of brain atrophy can be detected with high accuracy using high-dimensional pattern classification of MRI scans obtained in a typical clinical setting.

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“…We outlined individual temporal and frontal lobe structures using our published highly reliable (all inter-rater intra-class correlation coefficients >0.94) parcellation methods [35,36], briefly outlined below.…”

Section: Measurement Of Bp Fasting Glucose and Hba 1cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superior temporal gyrus. As a medial border, the superior temporal gyrus has a line joining a reference point in the middle of the temporal horn to the most medial and inferior extension of the Sylvian fissure [35]. The superior margin of this gyrus is the Sylvian fissure.…”

Section: Measurement Of Bp Fasting Glucose and Hba 1cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis There is evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment. Most studies investigating this association have evaluated elderly individuals, after many years of diabetes, who generally have poor glycaemic control and significant vascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the early cognitive consequences and associated brain correlates of type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods With regard to cognition and brain measures, we compared 23 age-, sex-and educationmatched control subjects with 23 mostly middle-aged individuals with relatively well-controlled diabetes of less than 10 years from the time of diagnosis. Results We found deficits in hippocampal-based memory performance and preservation of other cognitive domains. Relative to control subjects, individuals with diabetes had reductions in brain volumes that were restricted to the hippocampus. There was an inverse relationship between glycaemic control and hippocampal volume; in multivariate regression analysis, HbA 1c was the only significant predictor of hippocampal volume, accounting for 33% of the observed variance. Other variables commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, such as elevated BMI, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, did not independently contribute to the variance in hippocampal volume. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that the medial temporal lobe may be the first brain site affected by type 2 diabetes and that individuals in poorer metabolic control may be affected to a greater extent.

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Specific Hippocampal Volume Reductions in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 380 publications

References 38 publications

Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

Individual patient diagnosis of AD and FTD via high-dimensional pattern classification of MRI

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

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